Ranjit Kumar

WITHANIA SOMNIFERA PROTECTS THE HAEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY SODIUM ARSENITE IN CHARLES FOSTER RATS

Thi s study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic role of the ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera on Sodium Arsenite induced haematological alterations in rats. Oral administration of sodium a rsenite at the dose of 8 mg/kg body weight daily caused haematological alterations in rats as manifested by the significant decrease in RBC’s count, Haemoglobin percentage, Haematocrit, Mean Cell Volume of RBC’s (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and White Blood Cell Count (WBC’s) as compared with control. The Lipid peroxidation also showed elevated levels in comparison to control. But, after o ral administration of ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera at the dose of 2 00 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days to Sodium Arsenite pre treated rats there was an increase in the haematological parameters as well as lipid peroxidation levels decreased significantly. The study reveals that ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera possesses protective effect against haematological alterations caused by arsenic induced toxicity .

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA ON DIABETIC MICE.

Sneha Navin 1 , Jaykar Jha 1 , Abhinav 1 , Arun Kumar 2 , Mohammad Ali 2 , Ashok Ghosh 2 and Ranjit Kumar 2, *. 1. Department of Biotechnology, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga. 2. Research Centre, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

ARSENIC CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER AND HUMAN BLOOD IN VAISHALI DISTRICT OF BIHAR, INDIA: HEALTH HAZARDS.

Abhinav 1 , Sneha Navin 1 , Prabhat Shankar 2 , Ranjit Kumar 2 , Mohammad Ali 2 , Shishir Kumar Verma 1 , Ashok Kumar Ghosh 2 and Arun Kumar 2 . 1. Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India. 2. Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar India. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

Prevalence of High Arsenic Concentration in Darbhanga District of Bihar: Health Assessment

Background: Arsenic (As) in the groundwater is widely recognised as a global threat to human health. Millions of people from different countries including India are heavily dependent on groundwater containing elevated levels of arsenic for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Bihar and West Bengal located within the Middle-Gangetic plain (MGP), are the two worst arsenic exposed states in India. Today it is estimated that more than 5 million people in the Bihar state are drinking water with arsenic concentration greater than permissible limit of 10 μg/L recommended by World Health Organisation. In the present study, four villages Paghari, Habidih situated under Baheri block and Parri, Bairampur situated under Biraul block of Darbhanga districts of Bihar was taken up for the groundwater arsenic and blood arsenic estimation. The arsenic causing health related problems were also evaluated in the rural population. Methods: Altogether 48 groundwater samples from Hand Tube Wells (HTWs) of four different villages (12 groundwater samples from each village) were randomly collected for arsenic estimation and 48 blood samples were collected from the subject of the same household for blood arsenic estimation (12 blood samples from each village). Assessment of health related problems due to arsenic poisoning was also carried out in this study. Results: The highest arsenic concentration in groundwater was found to be 911 μg/L in Paghari village of Baheri block while in blood sample it was 252 μg/L observed from the same household in the Paghari village. The typical arsenicosis symptoms like hyperkeratosis in the palm and sole, melanosis of the skin and few cases of cancer were also reported among the population. Conclusions: The present study thus, concludes that there was high arsenic concentration in the groundwater of four villages of Darbhanga district. Presence of arsenic in the blood samples indicates as a biomarker of arsenic exposure. Arsenic poisoning has caused severe health related problems in these population. Therefore, a proper strategy is urgently required to mitigate the groundwater arsenic contamination and minimize the severity of the arsenic poisoning in these villages.

IN VIVO LETHAL AND CYTOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF TRICHOSANTHES CUCUMERINA

Trichosanthes Cucumerina is being used as food as well as traditional medicine for long days. The aim of the pres ent study was to evaluate the lethal dose and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes cucumerina fruits (TCFEE) and leaves (TCLEE). For lethal dose estimation graded doses ranging from 200 2000mg/ kg body weight (BW) of both extracts were admini stered orally and observed mortality up to 72 h. In lethal toxicity study the LD 50 value of TCFEE and TCLEE was found as 1400 mg/kg BW and 1300 mg/kg BW . The cytotoxicity study of both extracts was done by evaluation of comparative difference of hepatorena l biochemical parameters ( SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Urea, Uric acid and Creatinine ) and histopathol o gical slides of liver and kidney of both normal control and treated rats. Results showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between biochemical parameters and no cha nges in anatomy of liver and kidney. Hence the results suggest that ethanolic extracts of T. cucumerina fruit and leave are quite safe and can be used in the treatment of the chronic diseases like diabetes without any toxicity.

Experimental Analysis on Concrete as Partial Replacement of Eggshell & Cal-Sil Powder

The aim of this project is to prevent the pollution of environment by the improper disposal of the Eggshell waste, a remain from eggshells domestic waste such as schools, restaurant, bakeries, homes and fast food hotels, by using it as an additive material inform of ash & powder in conventional concrete with grade M20 since it is normally used in construction sites. This project concentrates on mix design, material testing of ingredients of concrete such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and eggshell powder and eggshell ash and cal-sil powder. Concrete cubes and cylinders with various trail percentages of eggshell powder, eggshell ash, cal-sil powder are casted. Cal-sil powder is the new methodology that the producing calcium silicate from wastes, Calcium silicate gives the good bonding between the aggregate and cement paste, so it is produced by the mixture of glass powder & egg shell ash. All the results obtained are compared with the conventional ones and the results are consolidated. Keywords— Cal-Sil powder, eggshell ash, egg shell powder, compressive strength, split tensile strength.

CYTOPROTECTIVE EFFE CT OF ANTIOXIDANT ON ENDOSULFAN INDUCED ARCHITECTURE OF SPERMATOZOA IN MICE : A TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM) VIEW

In the present investigation spermatozoa architec ture after endosulfan treatment in mice have been evaluated. Similarly fruit extract of Amla ( Emblica officinalis ) as an antioxidant have been tested for probable restoration in sperm architecture exposed to endosulfan treatment . Endosulfan is a pesticide of organochlorine group. Government of Kerala (India) banned this pesticide due to its indiscriminate use in Ka sargod district and hazardous effect on health among cashew nut workers . In the present investigation, the dose of 3 mg/Kg b.w of Endosulfan was continuously administered to male mice for 35 days after that aqueous extract of Emblica officinalis (Amla) frui t has been administered for 35 days at the dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. to evaluate ameliorating effect on sperm . The mice were sacrificed on 35 th day of Amla treatment followed by 35 days of endosulfan treatment to observe the architecture of spermatozoa through Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Electron micrograph of spermatozoa of 3 mg/kg Endosulfan treated for 35 days showed degeneration in ap ical acrosome region with degenerative changes in plasma membrane and nuclear membrane of head region of spermatozoa. The degeneration were also observed in 9+2 arrangement of microtubule and mit ochondrial sheath of mid piece of spermatozoa while principa l piece showed without plasma membrane which denotes complete degeneration of plasma membrane. Outer dense fibers were fused with microtubules. The divergent arms were degenerated and not visible clearly. This way marked degen erative changes were observed in the architecture of spermatozoa (Head Piece, Mid Piece and Principal Piece) after exposure of endosulfan. Emblica officinalis at the dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. showing restoration of acrosomal material, better effect on condensation of chromatin material, p lasma membrane and nuclear membrane is almost reformed, middle piece and principal piece showing restoration of intact plasma membrane. Thus from the above study it can be concluded that amla as an antioxidant has more potency to check male reproductive de formities.