Ranyére Silva Nóbrega

TENDÊNCIA DE TEMPERATURA NA SUPERFÍCIE DO MAR NOS OCEANOS ATLÂNTICO E PACÍFICO E VARIABILIDADE DE PRECIPITAÇÃO EM PERNAMBUCO

La dinamica entre el oceano y la atmosfera afecta a gran parte del clima del planeta. La configuracion del campo cerca de la superficie de la presion atmosferica normalmente esta fuertemente relacionada con la temperatura de la superficie de contacto en si, principalmente en los oceanos. Dos eventos de gran magnitud de esta relacion que interfieren con las lluvias del nordeste de Brasil (NEB) es el fenomeno de El Nino y el Atlantico dipolo. El fenomeno El Nino-Oscilacion Sur (ENOS) sobre el Pacifico ecuatorial, y el gradiente meridional de anomalias de TSM en el Atlantico tropical en conjunto modular una gran parte de la variacion interanual del clima en ORC. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las posibles tendencias en las temperaturas superficiales del mar (TSM) en el Pacifico y el Oceano Atlantico y para identificar las posibles influencias sobre la precipitacion del estado de Pernambuco. Para identificar estos datos influye en las anomalias en el Oceano Pacifico y el Atlantico se compara con el indice de anomalia de lluvia y las medias anuales de cada municipio en el estudio. Los resultados mostraron que ambos oceanos muestran una tendencia positiva de ser una evidencia del calentamiento del cambio climatico y la precipitacion pluvial en el estado estan muy influenciados con la ocurrencia de El Nino y el Dipolo del Atlantico.

USO DE DADOS CLIMÁTICOS PARA ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DE RISCO DE INCÊNDIO FLORESTAL

This article objectived a spatial analysis of forest fi re risk through the climatic data analysis (precipitation and humidity) in GIS, and implementing Mont...

Tendências do controle climático oceânico sob a variabilidade temporal da precipitação no Nordeste do Brasil

Given the significant differences in spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, prolonged periods of water stress, problematic soils and absence of perennial rivers, the Northeastern interior is the region most vulnerable to climate change in Brazil. Based on analysis of climate data, this study aims to identify trends in sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, East Pacific and Central Pacific Oceans and their relation with the temporal variability in precipitation in Pernambuco in recent periods. Three methods were used to achieve the proposed objective. The Rain Anomaly Index was used as evidence of the relationship between the oceans and rainfall in NEB. Research trends in TSMs the Mann-Kendall method. To demonstrate changes in current precipitation, climate indices suggested by the Expert Team on Detection, Monitoring and Climate Change Indices were used. The climate change indices indicated that changes in rainfall patterns have been occurring, with a tendency toward an increase in the volume of rain (with the exception of the eastern coast) and more concentrated seasonal distributions. Statistical analysis of TSMs on the Pacific and Atlantic allowed us to observe that there is a warming trend and that when analyzed alone, the occurrence of positive anomalies over the eastern Pacific (El Nino) and negative anomalies over the South Atlantic (positive dipole), droughts are more severe, based on analysis of the rainfall anomaly index. Also based on the IAC, we concluded that when both events occur in isolation they exert influence on rainfall in the region, however, when they act together this influence is more pronounced, changing the behavior of the general circulation of the atmosphere meridionaly (Hadley cell) and zonally (Walker cell)

Variabilidade temporal e espacial da precipitação pluviométrica em Pernambuco através de índices de extremos climáticos

This article aims to analyze the spatial and temporal rainfall trends in Pernambuco State based on extreme climatic indices and quantile technique. The daily rainfall data are from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) for the period 1978 to 2010. To analyze the trend in precipitation climatic indices, suggested by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI), were chosen. Using the kriging method it was possible to analyze the spatial variability of the indexes. The results show a predominant tendency of increasing rainfall patterns in much of the State, except for the middle region of the eastern metropolitan region and the middle region of the Zona da Mata. The overall indice results indicate that rain is becoming more concentrated in a few days throughout the year in the Sertao and Agreste regions in Pernambuco. In the Sertao of Pernambuco, the largest number of extremely dry episodes have occurred and also the occurrence of greater number of extremely rainy events, concentrated on December, January and February months, the rainy season in the Sertao region of Pernambuco.

Impactos do desmatamento e de mudanças climáticas nos recursos hídricos na Amazônia ocidental utilizando o modelo SLURP

O modelo hidrologico semi-distribuido SLURP foi utilizado nesta pesquisa com o objetivo de investigar os impactos causados pelas mudancas na cobertura e uso da terra, bem como mudancas climaticas sobre os processos hidrologicos na sub-bacia do rio Jamari. A metodologia adotada faz uso de imagens Landsat, MDE, dados de estacoes meteorologicas e postos pluviometricos, como parâmetros de entrada para o modelo. Cenarios reais e extremos de desmatamento foram simulados, com base em dados do Prodes. Verificou-se aumento do escoamento superficial quando ocorre desmatamento, com aumento mais significativo na estacao seca. Uma vez que uma menor quantidade de agua e interceptada pelo dossel, a evapotranspiracao e a infiltracao tambem tendem a diminuir com o desmatamento. Com as mudancas climaticas, os cenarios de aumento da temperatura e da precipitacao tendem a aumentar a evapotranspiracao e escoamento, e o aumento da temperatura e diminuicao das precipitacoes tende a aumentar a evapotranspiracao e diminuir o escoamento, a infiltracao e a evaporacao. Durante a estacao seca, o escoamento tende a aumentar consideravelmente. Isso sugere que, se a taxa anual de desmatamento permanecer a mesma ou aumentar, problemas socioambientais podem agravar-se, tanto durante a estacao seca, quanto a chuvosa.

Relação Fitoplâncton - Zooplâncton em Ambiente Oligotrófico(Fitoplankton-Zooplankton Relationship in Oligotrophic Environment)

Ecossistemas lenticos de pequeno porte respondem rapidamente as condicoes ambientais, influenciando a comunidade planctonica devido as flutuacoes bioticas e abioticas do corpo d’agua. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os parâmetros fisico-quimicos e a identificacao da comunidade planctonica (fitoplâncton, zooplâncton e bacterioplâncton) presentes no reservatorio, correlacionando esses organismos em um ambiente oligotrofico. As analises foram realizadas mensalmente no periodo de julho/2014 a junho/2016. A analise de todos os parâmetros fisico-quimicos e biologicos foi realizados de acordo com metodologia oficial. Empregou-se ferramentas estatisticas multivariadas (ACP) e teste de Pearson para avaliar a correlacao entre as variaveis abioticas e a biomassa total de cada grupo planctonico. Nesta pesquisa encontrou-se uma relacao positiva entre as biomassas totais da comunidade zooplânctonica e fitoplânctonica, entretanto componentes do bacterioplancton, nao foi significativo. Estes resultados indicaram que a predacao e/ou competicao nao sao relacoes ecologicas significativas entre as especies zooplanctonicas e fitoplanctonicas presentes neste ecossistema oligotrofico, existindo assim uma relacao favoravel entre os grupos estudados. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento desses organismos foi influenciado pelas mesmas variaveis abioticas (manganes, dureza e temperatura), atuando de forma direta no estabelecimento de suas biomassas. A B S T R A C T Small lentic ecosystems respond rapidly to environmental conditions, influencing the planktonic community due to the biotic and abiotic fluctuations of the water body. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical parameters and identification of the planktonic community (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacterioplankton) present in the reservoir, correlating these organisms in an oligotrophic environment. The analyses were performed monthly from July/2014 to June/2016. The analysis of all physicochemical and biological parameters was carried out according to the conventional methodology. Multivariate statistical tools (PCA) and Pearsons test were used to evaluate the correlation between the abiotic variables and the total biomass of each planktonic group. In this research was found a positive relation between the total biomasses of the zooplanktonic community and phytoplanktonic. However, components of bacterioplankton were not significant. These results indicate that predation and competition are not significant ecological relationships between zooplanktonic and phytoplanktonic species present in this oligotrophic ecosystem, and there is a favorable relationship between the studied groups. In this way, the development of these organisms was influenced by the same abiotic variables (manganese, hardness, and temperature), acting directly in the establishment of their biomasses. Keywords : plankton, reservoir, abiotic factors.

Soils degradation by salts in Pernambuco, Brazil

Caatinga is often replaced by herbaceous or short cycle culture; soil exposure support erosion; continued the cultivation leads to loss of fertility; and the bad management of irrigation that can to lead to salinization. With the objective of to value the influence of irrigation in the process of desertification of municipality Cabrobó – Pernambuco, went achieved collection of soil and or parses of Electrical Conductivity of the saturation extract (ECse) and of Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP). The results indicate that irrigation techniques employed, by furrow and/or flood, in the cultivation of onion (Allium cepa L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), without the implantation of an artificial drainage system are leading to elevation of purports of salts of irrigated soils.

SPACIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAIN TYPES IN PERNAMBUCO WITH THE USAGE OF REMOTE SENSING

This study aims to identify the rate of convective and stratiform rain in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), with data collected by the satellite TRMM. For the research, 12 points in different cities were chosen to work with the data of the algorithm 3A25, with a spatial resolution of 0,5°x0,5° from January 1st, 1998 to June 30th, 2011. After the analysis of the rates, variations of the rates according with the spatial localization of the points were identified. The higher convective rain rate was in Cabo de Santo Agostinho (3,32) and the lower rate was situated in Santa Cruz (2,22). Regarding stratiforms rain, the rates varied according to their special localization. The points which presented the highest rates were the closest to the coastline – Cabo de Santo Agostinho (1,19); Bezerros (0,92); Belo Jardim (0,83). The points that showed the lowest averages are the ones far from the littoral Parnamirim (0,74); Santa Filomena (0,69); Santa Cruz (0,83).

Eventos extremos de lluvia y riesgo hidroclimático en zona de La Mata - Pernambuco/Brasil

Intense rains are natural events associated with urban peculiarities that can become sources of danger, worsening the populations living conditions in the city. In Brazil, the scenarios of environmental degradation resulting from social inequalities and poor infrastructure, coupled with the occupation of inappropriate spaces highlight risks and vulnerabilities that often coincide with urban river environments. This article aims to analyze the occurrence of extreme events caused by rainfall in mesoregion Zona da Mata in Pernambuco, Brazil, specifically, the municipalities of Barreiros and Palmares. Furthermore, the risk conditions that led or may lead to disaster areas were studied. The analysis was carried out, firstly by analyzing the descriptive statistics of the time series of precipitation and later the Rain Anomaly Index (RAI) was calculated. Satellite image analysis was then utilized to characterize the pattern of rain and atmospheric dynamics associated with the period of occurrence of selected rainfall events; heavy rainfall concentrated in a short period of time. The main rainfall event of great magnitude for municipalities occurred in June 2010 caused by Eastern wave disturbance, which led to the flooding of rivers and flooding in several cities in the basin of Una and Mundau rivers.

IMPACTO DAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NAS RESPOSTAS HIDROLÓGICAS DO RIO IPOJUCA (PE) – PARTE 2: CENÁRIOS DE AUMENTO DE TEMPERATURA

Neste trabalho foi analisado os impactos do aumento de 1o C de temperatura na evapotranspiracao e vazao na bacia hidrografica do rio Ipojuca (PE). Os resultados obtidos indicam que o comportamento da evapotranspiracao acompanha a tendencia de aumento de temperatura tanto durante os periodos de menor disponibilidade hidrica quanto nos de maior. Ja para a vazao, a uma tendencia de diminuicao durante o periodo de maiores vazoes; para o periodo de menor vazao foram observadas tendencias variaveis. Apesar dos resultados obtidos serem para um modelo hidrologico de dois parâmetros, a tendencia de modificacao na vazao deve indicar certa preocupacao com relacao aos recursos hidricos da regiao, ja que resultados de outros pesquisadores indicam mudancas no comportamento da vazao relacionados a diferentes efeitos antropicos.