Raphaël Trouillet

Predictive value of age for coping: the role of self-efficacy, social support satisfaction and perceived stress

Objectives: The present study was prompted by the lack of agreement on how coping changes with age. We postulate that the effect of age on coping is mediated by coping resources, such as self-efficacy, perceived stress and social support satisfaction. Method: The participants in the study were community dwelling and aged between 22 and 88 years old. Data were collected using the General Self Efficacy Scale, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (life-events) and the Way of Coping Checklist. Results: We performed path analyses for two competitive structural models: M1 (age does not directly affect coping processes) and M2 (age directly affects coping processes). Our results supported a modified version of M2. Age was not found to predict either of two coping strategies: problem-focused coping is predicted by self-efficacy and social support satisfaction; emotion-focused coping is predicted by social support satisfaction and perceived stress. Discussion: Changes in coping over the lifespan reflect the effectiveness with which a persons adaptive processes deal with age-associated changes in self-referred beliefs and environment perception.

Structure invariance of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)

Abstract Based on Cloningers psychobiological model of personality, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was designed to assess seven dimensions reflecting two major components of personality, temperament and character. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used in order to evaluate the internal structure of the TCI. Using the general approach to representing personality constructs suggested by Bagozzi and Heatherton (1994), 25 measurement models were tested. None of them provided a compelling fit to our sample data (N=689). Moreover, the reliability of some of the subscales of the TCI was very weak. We discuss the importance of CFA on construct validity.

Age differences in temperament, character and depressive mood: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION This study explores the effect of age on mean-levels of the personality traits defined in Cloningers personality taxonomy, and investigates the relevance of personality traits for predicting depression levels in adults aged 18 to 94 years. METHOD We divided our sample (466 participants) into four age groups (young adult, adult, mature adult and elderly). Personality was measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory, and depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS Analysis of variance showed mean-level changes for all the personality traits except Self-D. Post hoc analyses revealed a decrease in the level of novelty seeking with age and an increase in the level of self-transcendence for the two oldest age groups. Reward dependence was highest among the youngest participants, whereas harm avoidance was highest for both the youngest and the oldest age groups. Depression correlated positively with harm avoidance and age but negatively with self-transcendence. DISCUSSION Impulsiveness, curiosity and social dependency decrease with age, whereas spirituality increases. Young and elderly adults are more fearful and socially inhibited. Harm avoidance and self-transcendence are the most relevant personality traits for predicting levels of depression.

Examination of the Hierarchical Structure of the Brief COPE in a French Sample: Empirical and Theoretical Convergences

This study aimed to determine whether the various factors of coping as measured by the Brief COPE could be integrated into a more parsimonious hierarchical structure. To identify a higher structure for the Brief COPE, several measurement models based on prior theoretical and hierarchical conceptions of coping were tested. First, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results revealed that the Brief COPEs 14 original factors could be represented more parsimoniously with 5 higher order dimensions: problem-solving, support-seeking, avoidance, cognitive restructuring, and distraction (N = 2,187). Measurement invariance across gender was also shown. Second, results provided strong support for the cross-validation and the concurrent validity of the hierarchical structure of the Brief COPE (N = 584). Results indicated statistically significant correlations between Brief COPE factors and trait anxiety and perceived stress. Limitations and theoretical and methodological implications of these results are discussed.

Validation of the TTM Processes of Change Measure for Physical Activity in an Adult French Sample

BackgroundProcesses of change (POC) are constructs from the transtheoretical model that propose to examine how people engage in a behavior. However, there is no consensus about a leading model explaining POC and there is no validated French POC scale in physical activityPurposeThis study aimed to compare the different existing models to validate a French POC scale.MethodThree studies, with 748 subjects included, were carried out to translate the items and evaluate their clarity (study 1, n = 77), to assess the factorial validity (n = 200) and invariance/equivalence (study 2, n = 471), and to analyze the concurrent validity by stage × process analyses (study 3, n = 671).ResultsTwo models displayed adequate fit to the data; however, based on the Akaike information criterion, the fully correlated five-factor model appeared as the most appropriate to measure POC in physical activity. The invariance/equivalence was also confirmed across genders and student status. Four of the five existing factors discriminated pre-action and post-action stages.ConclusionThese data support the validation of the POC questionnaire in physical activity among a French sample. More research is needed to explore the longitudinal properties of this scale.

Judgment of riskiness: impact of personality, naive theories and heuristic thinking among female students.

Three different studies were conducted to examine the impact of heuristic reasoning in the perception of health-related events: lifetime risk of breast cancer (Study 1, n = 468), subjective life expectancy (Study 2, n = 449), and subjective age of onset of menopause (Study 3, n = 448). In each study, three experimental conditions were set up: control, anchoring heuristic and availability heuristic. Analyses of Covariance controlling for optimism, depressive mood, Locus of Control, hypochondriac tendencies and subjective health, indicated significant effect of experimental conditions on perceived breast-cancer risk (p = 0.000), subjective life expectancy (p = 0.000) and subjective onset of menopause (p = 0.000). Indeed, all findings revealed that availability and anchoring heuristics were being used to estimate personal health-related events. The results revealed that some covariates, hypochondriac tendencies in Study 1, optimism, depressive mood and subjective health in Study 2 and internal locus of control in Study 3 had significant impact on judgment of riskiness.

Olfactory–Visual Congruence Effects Stable Across Ages: Yellow Is Warmer When It Is Pleasantly Lemony

This study aimed to examine the age-related differences in the olfactory–visual cross-correspondences and the extent to which they are moderated by the odors pleasantness. Sixty participants aged from 20- to 75- years (young, middle-aged and older adults) performed a priming task to explore the influence of six olfactory primes (lemon, orange, rose, thyme, mint and fish) on the categorization (cool vs. warm) of six subsequent color targets (yellow, orange, pink, malachite green, grass-green, and blue-gray). We tested mixed effects models. Response times were regressed on covariates models using both fixed effects (Groups of age, olfactory Pleasantness and multimodal Condition) and cross-random effects (Subject, Color and Odor). The random effects coding for Odor (p < .001) and Color (p = .001) were significant. There was a significant interaction effect ( p= .004) between Condition × Pleasantness, but not with Groups of age. The compatibility effect (i.e., when odors and colors were congruent, the targets processing were facilitated) was as much enhanced as the olfactory primes were pleasant. Cross-correspondences between olfaction and vision may be robust in aging. They should be considered alongside spatiotemporal but also emotional congruency.

Corrigendum to ‘Coping profiles, perceived stress and health-related behaviors: a cluster analysis approach’

JULIE DORON1,2*†, RAPHAEL TROUILLET1†, ANAÏS MANEVEAU1, GRÉGORY NINOT1 and DORINE NEVEU3 Laboratory Epsylon (EA 4556), Department of Sport and Physical Education Sciences, Southern France Montpellier University, Montpellier, France, Laboratory LIRTES (EA 7313), Department of Sport and Physical Education Sciences, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France and INSERM (1058), Southern France Montpellier University, Montpellier, France *Corresponding author. E-mail: julie.doron@gmail.com J.D. and R.T. contributed equally to this work (as first author).

Motrial, le premier méta-moteur de recherche des études cliniques sur les interventions non médicamenteuses (INM)

The number of clinical trial publications assessing non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) has been increasing exponentially since 2000. It encourages researchers to carry out the systematic reviews and meta-analyzes expected by health professionals, patients, and decision-makers to learn about their real effectiveness and their relevant indication. However, the diversification of medical and scientific communication media, opportunistic publishing strategies, missing data in publications and non-exhaustiveness of biomedical databases make bibliographic research complex and at risk of bias. To address this shortcoming, the academic Plateforme CEPS offers a search engine, called Motrial, that collects, sorts and organizes publications of NPI clinical trials.

La Plateforme CEPS : Une structure universitaire de réflexion sur l’évaluation des interventions non médicamenteuses (INM)

Les Interventions Non Medicamenteuses (INM) sont devenues des solutions incontournables pour ameliorer la qualite de vie et la sante. Elles presentent dans certains cas un impact positif sur la duree de vie et des benefices sociaux et economiques. Leur usage augmente sans cesse. Une plateforme universitaire collaborative basee a Montpellier, la Plateforme CEPS, reflechit aux manieres de les evaluer. Cet article presente plus en detail ses activites.