Rasheed Bakare

Prevalence, sociodemographic features and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Southwestern Nigeria

Introduction Hepatitis B virus is responsible for 50%-80% of Hepatocellular carcinoma cases worldwide. In Nigeria, vertical transmission remains a major route of Hepatitis B virus infection. Primary (vaccines and post-exposure prophylaxis) and secondary prevention of HBV transmission by appropriate sexual and sanitary practices are not yet optimal in the country yet measures for early detection (serological, molecular) and treatment of infected pregnant women is not a practice. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence and risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was done at the Ante-natal clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. One hundred and eighty pregnant women were recruited from March to August 2013, and tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (BIORAD FRANCE) using third generation ELISA, as well as HIV-1 and 2 using Uni-Gold Recombigen and ALERE determine (a rapid immunoassay designed to detect antibodies to HIV 1 and/or 2). Positive HBsAg samples were tested for Hepatitis B envelope antigen, antibody and Hepatitis B core antibody (DIAPRO Italy) while serum HBV DNA was detected using PCR. Data were obtained using questionnaires to establish and analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 8.3% out of which 26.7% were positive for HBeAg, 53.3% had HBeAb, 20% had neither HBeAg nor HBeAb, 100% had total HBcAb and 86.7% had HBV DNA in their serum. The mean age was 32.1years, the highest HBV infection rate occurred in 25-29 year age group. Multiple sexual partners (OR- 3.987, P- value=0.026) and early age at sexual debut (OR 11.996, P- value=0.022) were independent risk factors for HBV infection. Conclusion Hepatitis B virus infection is of high endemicity in Nigeria thus early detection, treatment of infected pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis for exposed newborns and surveillance for those with chronic infection is essential. Health education programs on prevention and control measures must be instituted.

P3.41 Prevalence, socio-demographic and sexual behavioural risk factors for hepatitis b virus infection among pregnant women in southwestern nigeria

Introduction In endemic countries, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs mainly during infancy and early childhood, with vertical transmission from an infected mother being a major route of infection. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence and sexual behavioural risk factors for HBV infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was done at the antenatal clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. One hundred and eighty pregnant women were recruited over a six month period, and their serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (BIORAD FRANCE) using third generation ELISA and HIV-1 and 2, using Uni-Gold Recombigen and ALERE determine. Positive HBsAg samples were tested for Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), antibody (HBeAb) and Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) (DIAPRO Italy) while serum HBV DNA was detected using PCR. Data were obtained using questionnaires and analysed using SPSS-20 Results The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 8.3% out of which 26.7% were positive for HBeAg, 53.3% had HBeAb, 20% had neither HBeAg nor HBeAb, 100% had total HBcAb and 86.7% had HBV DNA in their serum. A co-infection rate (HBV/HIV) of 26.7% was observed. The mean age was 32.1 years, the highest HBV infection rate occurred in 25–29u2009year age group. Multiple sexual partners (OR- 3.987, P- value=0.026), early age at sexual debut (OR −11.996, P- value=0.022) were independent risk factors for HBV infection. Conclusion The result of this study brings to light the high prevalence and high infectivity rate of chronic HBV virus infection among women of child bearing age in Nigeria. Thus, there is a dire need for routine screening for all pregnant women during antenatal care, immunoprophylaxis for exposed newborns and surveillance for those with chronic infection. The socio-demographic and risky sexual behavioural characteristics found to be predictors of HBV infection should be considered when developing strategies towards effective sexual health promotion campaign and health education programs on prevention and control measures.

Cohort Profile: African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research’s (ACCME's) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer Study

Cohort Profile: African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research’s (ACCME’s) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer Study Sally N Adebamowo,* Eileen O Dareng, Ayotunde O Famooto, Richard Offiong, Olayinka Olaniyan, Kayode Obende, Amos Adebayo, Sanni Ologun, Bunmi Alabi, Peter Achara, Rasheed A Bakare, Michael Odutola, Oluwatoyosi Olawande, James Okuma, George Odonye, Ruxton Adebiyi, Patrick Dakum and Clement A Adebamowo,; ACCME Research Group as part of the H3Africa Consortium

Cohort Profile: African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME)

Abstract 65Background:Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Africa. Much remains unknown about the prevalence and pathogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) types and the mechanism of disease, and there is a need for new biomarkers for screening programs.Methods:ACCME is a multicenter prospective cohort study of host germline, somatic and HPV genomics and epigenomics, and vaginal microenvironment; and their association with cervical cancer in 10,000 HIV negative women in Nigeria. Data on demographic, lifestyle, medical history, serum, germline DNA, HPV genotype, and vaginal pH are collected at baseline and during follow up visits every 6 months. Samples of exfoliated cervical cells are analyzed for high risk HPV with Roche LINEAR ARRAY and vaginal bacterial composition and abundance are characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4) on a Illumina MiSeq platform. Colposcopies and biopsies are conducted on participants with clinical lesions and those with persistent...

P-B31 Cohort profile: African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME) Study

Background:Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer in Africa. Much remains unknown about the prevalence and pathogenicity of human papilloma virus (HPV) types, mechanism of disease and there is a need for new biomarkers for screening programs. Methods:ACCME is a multicenter prospective cohort study of host germline, somatic and HPV genomics and epigenomics, and vaginal microenvironment; and their association with cervical cancer in 10,000 HIV negative women in Nigeria. Data on demography, lifestyle, medical history, serum, germline DNA, HPV genotype and vaginal pH are collected at baseline and during follow- up visits every 6 months. Samples of exfoliated cervical cells are analyzed for high-risk HPV with Roche LINEAR ARRAY and vaginal bacterial composition and abundance are characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina MiSeq platform. Colposcopy and biopsy are conducted on participants with clinical lesions and those with persistent high risk HPV infections. Results:By July 2015, ∼8500 participants had been enrolled unto the cohort. The mean (SD) age of the study participants at baseline was 40 (10) years. Most of the participants were married (76%), attended university (44%) and had professional jobs (37%). All the study participants have had vaginal sex, 17% have had oral sex and only 2% have ever had anal sex. We found 30% of the study participants were HPV positive and 70% were HPV negative. The mean (SD) vaginal pH in the study population was 5.2 (0.5). Further analyses to characterize high-risk HPV types and determine persistence are ongoing. Also, characterization of cervical cytokines and vaginal microbiome are underway. Conclusions:ACCME is a paradigm for translational research in biomarker discovery that addresses high impact public health challenges affecting womens health in Africa and the rest of the world.