Raul da Mota Silveira Neto

Eficácia do gasto público: uma avaliação do FNE, FNO e FCO

During the period 2000-2003, this paper evaluates and compares the efficacy of Financing Constitutional Fund of the Northeast (FNE), North (FNO) and Center-West (FCO) loans using propensity score estimates of firms that have received loans and of others that have not. In relation to FNE, the general result indicates a positive impact on the growth rate of employee number and no impact on the growth rate of wages paid for firms. In relation to FNO and FCO, there is not possible to indicate any kind of impact on the analyzed variables.

Urban and rural population growth in a spatial panel of municipalities

ABSTRACT Urban and rural population growth in a spatial panel of municipalities. Regional Studies. Using Bayesian posterior model probabilities and data pertaining to 3659 Brazilian minimum comparable areas (MCAs) over the period 1970–2010, two theoretical settings of population growth dynamics resulting in two spatial econometric specifications in combination with a wide range of potential neighbourhood matrices are tested against each other. The best performing combination counts five determinants producing significant long-term spatial spillover effects. Ignoring these spillovers, as many previous population growth studies have done, is shown to underestimate their impact and thus the effectiveness of policy measures acting on these determinants.

Gender and commuting time in São Paulo Metropolitan Region

Gender differentials in commuting have been reported in the literature, often couched within the household responsibility hypothesis. This hypothesis attributes shorter commutes to females due to a disproportionate load of household responsibilities. The objective of the present study is to report research regarding commuting time in São Paulo Metropolitan Region, in Brazil. Based on microdata from the Demographic Census of 2010 the focus of the present study is on the role of marital status and presence of dependents on gender differentials in commuting time. Specifically, the research seeks to determine whether there is empirical support in this region for the household responsibility hypothesis. The results suggest that marital status exerts a stronger influence on the commuting time of working women, with the number of dependents (children and elderly) exerting a smaller influence on commuting time. Gender differentials are observed also for single and formerly married working females, which suggests other cultural or environmental factors not fully captured by the household responsibility hypothesis. Most studies, however, are set in North America. This research contributes towards the development of a broader, international knowledge foundation regarding gender and commuting patterns.

Dinâmica da concentração da atividade industrial no Brasil entre 1994 e 2004: uma análise a partir de economias de aglomeração e da nova geografia econômica

The work characterizes the concentration levels and patterns of Brazilian transformation Industry, and identifies the economical determinants of the industrial employment growth for the states of Brazil, in 1994 and 2004. The evidences show that industrial desconcentration is stronger for the intensive capital segment and weaker for natural resources segment. New poles of employment growth seem to appear in the Northeast, especially, for the segment intensive labor. The market linkages, or pecuniary externalities, and of the dynamic externalities, measured by the industrial diversity, are important evidence for the employment growth of transformation industry of Brazilian states. While the transport costs, when controlled by fixed effects, they present negative statistical correlation with the employment growth, consistent to NEG.

Physical and Human Capital and Brazilian Regional Growth: A Spatial Econometric Approach for the Period 1970–2010

Carvalho R. and Silveira Neto R. Physical and human capital and Brazilian regional growth: a spatial econometric approach for the period 1970–2010, Regional Studies. This paper identifies the determinants of economic growth and analyses the dynamics of income using a panel of 522 Brazilian micro-regions for period 1970–2010. Based on the spatial extension of the Mankiw–Romer–Weil (MRW) model and explicitly considering both physical and human capital, the parameters of a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) with fixed-effects are estimated. The direct and indirect impacts of the determinants of regional growth are then calculated. The results indicate strong spatial dependence among Brazilian micro-regions and that investments in both physical and human capital are important for the growth of the Brazilian regional economies.

Individual and contextual determinants of victimisation in Brazilian urban centres: A multilevel approach

This article analyses the influence of both contextual and individual urban characteristics on violence victimisation in Brazilian cities. A multilevel approach is used to capture the effects of the urban contextual variables with respect to the probability of becoming a robbery victim in Brazilian urban centres. The results demonstrate that factors associated with social context, such as proportions of cities’ recent migrants or female-headed households, affect victimisation, as do individual characteristics. Furthermore, based on an analysis of the intra-class correlation coefficients, the context produces a non-negligible amount of variability.

Nível e evolução da desigualdade dos gastos familiares no Brasil: uma análise para as regiões metropolitanas no período 1996 a 2003

A partir da utilizacao dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orcamento Familiar (POF) dos bienios 1995-96 e 2002-03, o trabalho fornece evidencias a respeito dos niveis e da evolucao da desigualdade da distribuicao dos gastos familiares per capita e da desigualdade da distribuicao do consumo familiar per capita no Brasil metropolitano e a respeito da importância dos diferentes tipos de gastos familiares nas dinâmicas observadas. Os resultados, obtidos a partir de indicadores tradicionais de desigualdade e de analises de Dominância de Lorenz, apontam para importantes movimentos em termos de diminuicao da desigualdade em ambos os tipos de gastos. Medida a desigualdade pelo indice de Gini, observa-se que a reducao deste indice e afetada de forma significativa pelas dinâmicas dos gastos com Habitacao, Higiene e Cuidados Pessoais e Vestuario, favoraveis a diminuicao da desigualdade, e pelas as dinâmicas dos gastos com Educacao, Saude e Alimentacao, favoraveis a desigualdade. Diferencas regionais sao apontadas a partir das regioes metropolitanas de Recife e Sao Paulo.

Secession of municipalities and economies of scale: Evidence from Brazil

In the 1990s, there was a growing process of administrative decentralization that culminated in the creation of 1,016 new municipalities in Brazil. The aim of this paper is to verify the impact of the municipal secessions on the public expenditures and its association with economies of scale. Based on a Differences†in†Differences methodology, the obtained set of evidence indicates that those municipalities that underwent a secession process increased their per capita capital expenditures by 14.7 percent. In addition, we show evidence that strongly suggests that this increase in expenses can be explained by a reduction in economies of scale and rent†seeking behavior.

Persistência intergeracional de educação no Brasil: o caso da Região Metropolitana do Recife

A partir de uma base em dados primaria derivada de pesquisa de campo da Fundacao Joaquim Nabuco, este trabalho preenche parte da lacuna na literatura brasileira ao apresentar evidencias recentes e ineditas a respeito da mobilidade intergeracional de educacao na Regiao Metropolitana do Recife em 2010, evidencias estas que sao cotejadas com aquelas para demais Regioes Metropolitanas obtidas para o ano de 1996. Os principais resultados obtidos, que refletem um periodo de significativas transformacoes sociais, confirmam o que a literatura que trata da mobilidade intergeracional de educacao destaca como importante: a persistencia de educacao entre pais e filhos no Brasil ainda e muito alta e heterogenea, mesmo em 2010 no caso do Recife, embora apresente reducao em relacao ao ano de 1996. A probabilidade de um filho cujo pai nao tem escolaridade replicar o status educacional do seu pai e de 30%, valor considerado elevado quando tantas oportunidades educacionais estao disponiveis.

Preferência revelada e arbitragem espacial: determinando um ranking de qualidade de vida para as regiões metropolitanas do Brasil

Based in the seminal work of Kahn (1995), the article proposes new methodologies to rank localities in terms of quality of life, applying them to the set of Brazilian metropolitan regions with data from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilio (PNAD) of the year of 2004, after controlling for regional disparities of cost of life by using Azzoni et alii (2000) Price Index. The new proposals eliminate most of fragilities in building life quality indices from estimation of hedonic prices and take in account regional diference in prices of good and services tradable among regions. To highlight the consistency of the results, additional evidence for the year of 1993 is supplied.