Raveendranath Veeramani

Variations in the branching pattern of posterior division of mandibular nerve: a case report

PurposeAbnormal communications among the branches of mandibular nerve especially the posterior division are significant due to various procedures undertaken in this region. These variations are worth reporting as they pose serious implications in several interventions in this region, and may even lead to false diagnosis.MethodsDuring routine dissection, the mandibular nerve and its branches were dissected in the infratemporal fossa. The branches from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve namely the inferior alveolar and auriculotemporal nerves were carefully dissected, and their abnormal branching pattern was noted.ResultsThere was a communicating branch between left inferior alveolar and auriculotemporal nerve. There was also a variant recurrent branch from the left inferior alveolar nerve that supplied the lateral pterygoid muscle.ConclusionsSuch variant branches and communications between the branches of mandibular nerve as seen in this case have an embryological basis and are clinically important in this region especially for dental surgeries and anesthesia.

Morphometric study of pulleys of the thumb

Pulleys are thickened regions in flexor tendons sheaths of the digits. They are essential and act as fulcrum for the flexion and extension of the digits. The arrangement and number of pulley system differs greatly between the thumb and other digits. There is paucity of literature regarding the pulley system of thumb. We aimed to study the morphometry of the pulley system of the thumb in Indian cadavers. Dissection was carried out in 55 adult human cadaveric thumbs. The most common morphologic pattern of pulley observed in the thumb is type III (30 thumbs). The least observed is type I (4 thumbs). The mean width and standard deviation of A1, Av, oblique, and A2 pulleys are 5.06±0.87, 5.38±1.22, 4.68±1.13, and 6.04±1.41 mm, respectively. The gap distances between the pulleys were also measured. The results obtained from the present study may be helpful in surgical treatment of trigger thumb with less complication and also in reconstruction of the closed rupture of the pulley of the thumb.

Which side are you on? - Deducing the chamber of origin of atrial tachycardia

Atrial arrhythmias rising from the regions of the atria that are in close proximity to each other may pose a challenge in identifying the chamber to map and ablate in. In this report, we discuss a patient with left atrial tachycardia which initially mimicked right atrial tachycardia. We discuss the origins of the abnormal electrograms in the right atrium and how this provides a general understanding of the mechanism of double potentials.

Morphometric study of tensor of vastus intermedius in South Indian population

Tensor of vastus intermedius is a newly discovered muscle located between vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius. The purpose of this study was to investigate the detailed morphology of tensor of vastus intermedius, specifically to provide data pertaining to the attachments, innervations, variation in the types and its morphometry in South Indian population. The tensor of vastus intermedius was studied in thirty six cadaveric lower limbs using macrodissection techniques. The origin of the muscle was from upper part of intertrochanteric line and anterior part of greater trochanter of femur inserted to medial aspect of upper border of patella. The muscle was classified into four types based on the origin and also the aponeurosis course with independent type (type 1) being common. The mean and standard deviation of the length of tensor of vastus intermedius and aponeurosis were 145.40±37.55 mm and 193.55±42.32 mm, respectively. The results of the study suggest that tensor of vastus intermedius is variable and the information provided regarding the attachments, types and quantitative data will contribute to the existing knowledge of the muscle.

A rare musculo-septal aponeurotic tunnel in the arm with anomalous arterial pattern

Aparna Muraleedharan , Raveendranath Veeramani *, Parkash Chand c Assistant Professor (Anatomy), Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathichettikulam, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India Assistant Professor (Anatomy), Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India Professor & Head (Anatomy), Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India m e d i c a l j o u r n a l a r m e d f o r c e s i n d i a x x x ( 2 0 1 6 ) x x x – x x x

DNA Damage Analysis in Children with Non-syndromic Developmental Delay by Comet Assay.

INTRODUCTION Majority of the developmental delays in children are non-syndromic and they are believed to have an underlying DNA damage, though not well substantiated. Hence the present study was carried out to find out if there is any increased DNA damage in children with non-syndromic developmental delay by using the comet assay. AIM The present case-control study was undertaken to assess the level of DNA damage in children with non syndromic developmental delay and compare the same with that of age and sex matched controls using submarine gel electrophoresis (Comet Assay). MATERIALS AND METHODS The blood from clinically diagnosed children with non syndromic developmental delay and controls were subjected for alkaline version of comet assay - Single cell gel electrophoresis using lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood. The comets were observed under a bright field microscope; photocaptured and scored using the Image J image quantification software. Comet parameters were compared between the cases and controls and statistical analysis and interpretation of results was done using the statistical software SPSS version 20. RESULTS The mean comet tail length in cases and control was 20.77+7.659μm and 08.97+4.398μm respectively which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Other comet parameters like total comet length and % DNA in tail also showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between cases and controls. CONCLUSION The current investigation unraveled increased levels of DNA damage in children with non syndromic developmental delay when compared to the controls.

Common peroneal nerve entrapment with the communication between inferior gluteal nerve and common peroneal nerve

Sciatic nerve divides into tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve at the level of superior angle of popliteal fossa and variations in its branching pattern are common. The most common nerve entrapment syndrome in the lower limbs is common peroneal nerve entrapment at fibular head. Invariably it can also be trapped in gluteal region due to split piriformis muscle which compresses sciatic nerve as whole or its division such as common peroneal nerve. In this case report, we describe a case of high division of sciatic nerve along with duplicated piriformis associated with a communicating branch between inferior gluteal nerve and common peroneal nerve. Such an anatomical variation of common peroneal nerve with the communicating nerve is discussed with its embryological basis.