Ravi Tomar

Blind Watermarking Technique for Grey Scale Image Using Block Level Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)

This paper presents a robust watermarking technique to copyright an image. Proposed technique is totally based on DCT and is different from most of the available techniques.We are embedding blockwise watermark against the noise, filtering and cropping attack. Before embedding the watermark for any host image we must calculate the gain factor. According to our approach gain factor will vary for two different host images . The experimental results show that in addition the invisibility and security, the scheme is also robust against signal processing.

Blind watermarking technique for greyscale image using DCT and 1-D Walsh coding

This paper presents a robust watermarking technique to copyright an image. Proposed technique is totally based on DCT and is different from most of the available techniques. Watermark is embedded block-wise into the image to protect the ownership against the ltering, cropping and noise attack. Before embedding the watermark we are converting it into Walsh coded watermark [1]. In proposed approach there will be a variation in gain factor two different host images. The experimental results show that the proposed approach ensures invisibility, security and robustness against signal processing.

A Review on VANET Routing Protocols and Wireless Standards

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an ad hoc network system based on the concept of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in which nodes (vehicle) that are being connected with each other by wireless technologies. But due to the non deterministic mobility behavior and high velocity of automobiles, the topology is unpredictable. Such types of system can work independently and can also be interconnected through internet with in its infrastructure. The system characteristics such as multi-hop paths, node mobility, huge network, device heterogeneity, congestion and bandwidth are the constraints in designing the routing protocols for VANET. The present routing protocols that have been deployed for MANET are used to test the VANET accuracy and performance. Present research efforts are strongly emphasized on designing a novel routing algorithm and its implementations. Recent VANET research are majorly focused on predefined areas such as broadcasting and routing, security, quality of service (QoS) and infotainment with information dissemination during emergencies. In this paper authors present a detailed review of wireless standards used in VANET with a number of trials in VANET and its deployment in many of the developed countries. As a conclusion we conceptualized some of the issues and research challenges in VANET that had not yet addressed so that industry can opt for widespread adoption of scalable, reliable, secure and robust VANET protocols, architectures services and technologies and enable the ubiquitous deployment of it.

An Architectural View Towards Autonomic Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is causing significant transformations in the world of information technology. It continues to be the hot favorite of people from both within and outside the IT industry. One of the key factors for which the Cloud is know is its accessibility to never ending resources. This is a perception which the Cloud has been able to maintain since long but due to extensive user involvements and humungous amounts of data this perception seems to fade away. In present day Cloud seems to face challenges when it comes to over utilization of resources, fault tolerance and dynamic monitoring and management of services. In order to address these problems, human intervention continues to increases thus causing a negative impact on the QoS and generic nature of cloud. In order to overcome these challenges we propose an Autonomic Cloud Computing Environment which provides dynamic allocation and monitoring of resources along with orchestration of cloud services based upon VM migration. The system that we propose is SLA complaint and automates the user experience depending upon the clauses mentioned in the SLA.

E-COCOMO: An effort estimation model for cleanroom software development approach

The integration of mathematical modelling, proof of correctness and statistical software quality assurance lead to extremely high-quality software. The integration was named as cleanroom software engineering. It proof the correctness of the deliverables of each phase, Instead of the classic analysis, design, code, test, and debug cycle, the cleanroom approach suggests a different point of view. Due to the evolution in development methodology there is a strong need of evolution in estimation models also. In this work we have proposed the new cost estimation model. The evolved model is proposed for the new development methodologies and includes some more factors for estimation used in these new approaches.

Intelligent accident management system using IoT and cloud computing

Sensing and computing wrapped ubiquitously by enabling Wireless Sensor Network have recently penetrated across various modern areas of living. As the sensors are becoming more and more cheap and with the implementation of IPv4, the vision of Internet of Things have come out to reach the unexpected bounds of todays computing world. In this paper, we have implemented the concept of IoT, so that we can leverage the nearby sensors to help the vehicles which have collided or are in need of any help. In case of accident, there will be some collision in the vehicle which will be sensed by the sensors. The crash sensors will measure and report the intensity of collision based on certain parameters and operations related to the automotive design of the vehicle. This strength of collision mapped on a scale will then inform the respective nearby sensors in IoT which can come out to help the victims. In case of lighter collision, only the local car repairs and other nearby sensors forming an IoT network will be informed. In case of high intensity collision, the data relating to location of car and other things will be sent to cloud which will then inform the nearby car repairing showroom, hospital services and the repairing services.

IoT based interactive shopping ecosystem

Internet of Things aims at integrating networked information systems to real world entities. It connects objects such as smart phones, sensors, LED(Light Emitting Diodes) displays and even clothes through the internet allowing them to interact and exchange information among themselves. In todays times IoT has found its application in practically every walk of life and inventory management is no exception. At present, inventory management is becoming increasingly complex, where there is an exponential rise in the diversity and number of both products and customers. The biggest problem faced by store owners is to optimize the experience of inventory management along with increased sales and reduced operational costs. With such enormous product lines it becomes extremely difficult for store owners to track and monitor the performance of a product in terms of its sales, shelf life, cost and customer response. IoT acts as a solution to this problem as it facilitates the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in order to interconnect all the various actors in a logistic system. This humongous network of interconnected devices generate massive amounts of data which is difficult to store and process. Cloud computing here plays a role of a facilitator and provides great help in addressing challenges related to storage and processing capabilities. In this paper, we present an Interactive Shopping Model along with an Automated Inventory Intelligent Management System (AIMS) that benefits from the amalgamation of IoT and Cloud and provides real time monitoring, tracking and management of products. We also propose an algorithm that depicts the working of our system. The proposed system along with the algorithm are simulated using the iFogSim simulator. To this end, we illustrate the working of our proposed system along with the simulated results.

Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy using machine learning classification algorithm

Diabetic Retinopathy is human eye disease which causes damage to retina of eye and it may eventually lead to complete blindness. Detection of diabetic retinopathy in early stage is essential to avoid complete blindness. Many physical tests like visual acuity test, pupil dilation, optical coherence tomography can be used to detect diabetic retinopathy but are time consuming and affects patients as well. This review paper focuses on decision about the presence of disease by applying ensemble of machine learning classifying algorithms on features extracted from output of different retinal image processing algorithms, like diameter of optic disk, lesion specific (microaneurysms, exudates), image level (pre-screening, AM/FM, quality assessment). Decision making for predicting the presence of diabetic retinopathy was performed using alternating decision tree, adaBoost, Naive Bayes, Random Forest and SVM.

Intelligent supply chain management system

Internet of Things aims at integrating networked information systems to real world entities. It connects objects such as smart phones, sensors, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) displays, vehicles through the internet allowing them to interact and exchange information among themselves. In todays times IoT has found its application in practically every walk of life and supply chain management is no exception. At present, supply chains are becoming increasingly complex, where suppliers and customers stretch between various countries and continents. The biggest problem faced by manufacturers is to optimize supply chain performance and reduce operational costs over such large geographical stretches. IoT acts as a solution to this problem as it facilitates the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in order to interconnect all the various actors in a supply chain. This humongous network of interconnected devices generate massive amounts of data which is difficult to store and process. Cloud computing here plays a role of a facilitator and provides great help in addressing challenges related to storage and processing capabilities. In this paper, we present an Intelligent Supply Chain Management System (ISCMS) that benefits from the amalgamation of IoT and Cloud and provides real time monitoring, tracking and managing of goods from the perspective of a supplier, customer and shipper. We also propose an algorithm that depicts the working of our system. The proposed Intelligent Supply Chain Management System along with the algorithm are simulated using the iFogSim simulator. To this end, we illustrate the working of our proposed system along with the simulated results.

OpenECOCOMO: The algorithms and implementation of Extended Cost Constructive Model (E-COCOMO)

Traditional software development approaches is obsoleting day by day and the place is being taken by some new evolved approaches like. Cleanroom development approach, Agile development approach etc. due to the evolution in development methodology there is a strong need of evolution in estimation models also. In this work we have proposed an extended version of COCOMO that is E-COCOMO and based on this model a tool has been implemented called OpenECOCOMO. The evolved model is proposed for the new development methodologies and includes some more factors for estimation used in these new approaches.