Ravindra Pandey

A Review on Thevetia peruviana

The vetia peruviana are potentially lethal plants after ingestion . The plants is common toxicological emergency in tropical and subtropical parts of the world and international self - harm , using T.peruviana is prevalent in south Asian countries, especially in India and Sri Lanka. All parts of these plants are toxic, and contain a variety of cardiac glycosides including nerifolin, thevetin A, Thevetin B and oleandrin. Ingestion of oleander results in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain , dirrhoea, disrhythmias and h yperkailemia.in most cases; clinical management of poisoning by either N.oleander or T.peruviana involves administration of activated charcoal and supportive care. This article compiles all the information related to Thevetia peruviana .

Factorial Design and a Practical Approach for Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System

Over the years, different formulation technologies intended for gastro retentive dosage delivery were investigated and patented. Oral drug administration has been the predominant route for drug delivery. During the past two decades, numerous oral delivery systems have been developed to act as drug reservoirs from which the active substance can be released over a defined period of time at a predetermined and controlled rate. From a pharmacokinetic point of view, the ideal sustained and controlled release dosage form should be comparable with an intravenous infusion, which supplies continuously the amount of drug needed to maintain constant plasma levels once the steady state is reached. Although some important applications, including oral administration of peptide and protein drugs, can be used to prepare colonic drug delivery systems, targeting drugs to the colon by the oral route. This review article clearly explains the advantages, limitations and need of gastro-retentive drug delivery system. It also covers the various criteria for drugs suitable and not suitable for such delivery. Also, the different types of gastro retentive delivery systems are described with suitable examples.

Chemical Fingerprinting of an Ayurvedic Formulation containing Indigenous Drugs of C.G.

Chitrakadi Churna is a most trusted oral ayurvedic formulation among the ayurvedic medicines; plumbago zeylanica is one of the constituent of Chitrakadi Churna. The present study summarizes fingerprinting approach based on high performance liquid chromatography for Chitrakadi Churna formulation. The Two laboratories made batches and two marketed batches were taken in this study to estimate the % of plumbagin in this indigenous formulation. The selection of a suitable chromatographic system, the screening for important parameters to method validation, and an integrated and universal HPLC fingerprint approach was performed; this improved the separation quality of the fingerprint. The detection wavelength of plumbagin was found to be 331 nm. The results of the method validation, based on the relative standard deviation of relative retention times and relative peak areas were acceptable. Calibration curves showed good linear regression (R2 > 0.9989) within test range. The LODs and the LOQs for the plumbagin were was 0.317mg/ml and 1.0632mg/ml mg/ml .This reported method proves its usefulness for chemical standardization of crude drug and Chitrakadi Churna formulation by means of estimation of plumbagin.

Experimental Models for Inflammation

Studies performed using in vivo and in vitro experimental model systems are critical components of the effort to identify the effect of new drug molecules. Experimental models permit the precise quantification of exposure levels, to eliminate many external variables that may alter drug response. Experimental studies can be designed in a manner to include specific endpoint evaluations that can generate important data concerning possible biological mechanisms of drug action. Thus, it becomes mandatory to access the cause of disease, and the mechanisms behind it, through experimental models which generally involve animals, in vitro studies, primates, and even humans to a certain extent. Interspecies differences and high-dose to low-dose extrapolations remain important challenges to the interpretation and application of experimental data to assessments of human risk. Understanding the basic mechanisms and pathogenesis of inflammation are essential for the development of new treatment approaches and therapeutic agents.

Inflammation: Natural Resources and Its Applications

Nature is an inevitable source on earth; it may refer to the various types of living plants and animals and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects. Natural resources include land, forests, wildlife resources, fi sheries, water resources, energy resources, marine resources, and mineral resources. The way that these particular types of things exist and serve the humankind for better lifestyle is fairly noticeable. Forests provide us variety of services and nurture the mankind with its incomparable facilities and functions such as maintaining oxygen levels in the atmosphere, removal of carbon dioxide, control over water regimes, and slowing down erosion and also produce products such as food, fuel, timber, fodder, medicinal plants, etc. Marine fi shes are an important protein food and contain signifi cant medicinal value. There are several principles that each of us can adopt to bring about sustainable lifestyles. This primarily comes from caring for our Mother Nature and its resources in all respects. Regard for the nature is the greatest sentiment that helps bring about a feeling of protecting and conserving the natural resources, looking at how we use natural resources in a new and sensitive way. Through this book, we are going to explore the richness of nature, its kindness towards human race and purpose for the whole world. 1.1 Natural Resources Natural resource is the form of matter or energy which is available in the earth and used by living things. Natural resources in the ecosystem are often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and geodiversity existent. These are essential for our survival and various valuable uses. These resources occurring naturally within environments may exist as air, water, plant, as well as living organism such as fi sh and microbes or may exist in other forms which may be processed to obtain the resources such oil, ores, and most forms of energy. Anything which comes from nature and

Inflammation and Lifestyle

Inflammation is the cause of most serious illness including heart disease and stroke, many cancers, and arthritis. Many lifestyle factors, including diet, stress and exposure to environmental and household toxins, contribute to elevated levels of inflammation throughout the body that never subside, creating a cellular environment that is favorable to disease propagation. Our diet is one of the leading sources of these chronic illnesses, and changing the diet is the key to prevention and cure. A number of dietary factors, including fiber-rich foods, whole grains, fruits (especially berries), omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins (e.g., C and E), and certain trace minerals (e.g., zinc), have been documented to reduce blood concentrations of inflammatory markers. The best way to correct and eliminate inflammation is to improve comprehensive lifestyle and dietary changes rather than taking pharmaceutical drugs, the latter of which can cause unintended harm in the form of damaging side effects. Intensive lifestyle interventions involving both exercise and diet appear to be most effective. This chapter includes recent news and advances based on anti-inflammatory diets, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle. Several health benefits of natural sources like vegetables, fruits, fishes, beans, and oil are also summarized in this chapter.

Natural Sources of Anti-inflammation

All the anti-inflammatory sources or drugs achieve their effects by blocking the increase in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. PG synthesis is blocked by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase – an enzyme in arachidonic acid cascade for the synthesis of prostanoids. Mother Nature created these natural supplements eons ago, and it has been present in ecosystems for over a billion years. Hundreds of plant metabolites are reported to have many pharmacological activities although most of these reports are of academic interest and very few find entry at clinical trials. Compilation of the information would help promote wider acceptance and use of these nature-based drugs in mainstream of medicine. The present chapter is directed towards compilation of the pharmacological attributes of natural sources in the drug discovery and development process as it could be a driving force to identify lead molecules providing an attractive strategy for novel and improved therapeutics. In this chapter, we are going to reveal the name of these natural medicines and different sources available to us and what health benefits it provides to us to fight against inflammation.