Raymond M. Harley

Pollen morphological studies in tribe Ocimeae (Nepetoideae : Labiatae). I : Ocimum L.

Abstract The pollen of 20 species, 53 collections, of Ocimum and 6 species from 4 closely allied genera: Becium Lindl., Dauphinea Hedge, Erythrochlamys Guerke and Orthosiphon Benth. was acetolysed and examined with light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Four pollen types are described, three are subdivided. Keys are provided to the types and subtypes. Results show some notable parallels with taxonomic opinion. A number of examples are cited in which the pollen morphology supports recent or proposed taxonomic changes, for example the transfer of Erythrochlamys cufodontii Lanza and E. nummularia (S. Moore) Hedge to Ocimum, of Ocimum hanningtonii Baker to Orthosiphon and of both Ocimum irvinei J. K. Morton and O. urundinense Robyns & Lebrun to Becium. Parallels with pollen types are drawn between Old and New World species; Pollen Type I occurs in both the Old and New Worlds while Pollen Types II, III and IV are exclusively Old World. Data from geographic distribution and pollen morpho...

1. OCIMUM: AN OVERVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION AND RELATIONSHIPS

The taxonomy and nomenclature of Ocimum are in a state of confusion. The aim of this paper is to clearly delimit Ocimum from related genera, provide an upto-date infrageneric classification which can be used as a framework for understanding relationships within the genus, provide a list of recognised species with their correct names and common synonyms and a key to their identification. In all 64 species are recognised. A parsimony analysis was carried out which suggests Ocimum is a monophyletic group if segregate genera such as Becium and Erythrochlamys are included within it. An account of the morphological features of Ocimum is provided and the economic uses of the genus are briefly discussed in the context of the infrageneric classification.

The Linnaean Types of Mentha (Lamiaceae)

The nomenclature of certain polymorphic temperate genera, notably Crataegus, Mentha, Rubus and Salix, has been rendered more difficult by assumptions of type specimens and the consequential publication of illegitimate names. In Mentha alone, disregarding Gandoger (whose names were declared illegitimate at the Eleventh International Botanical Congress), almost 2300 names have been published for essentially 20 species; possibly 50% of these are synonyms, the remaining legitimate infraspecific names. To bring some order in the chaos of Mentha nomenclature, we herein set forth a choice and discussion of the Linnaean types using Savage (1945), Stearn (1957), Heller (1959), and Stafleu (1978) as our guides.

A revision of Endostemon (Labiatae)

Summary. The genus Endostemon N.E.Br., widespread in tropical Africa and with one species in India, is revised and 18 species, placed in 4 sections, are recognized. One new species, Endostemon albus A. J. Paton, Harley & M. M. Harley, and two new sections, sects Oblongi Ayob. ex A. J. Paton, Harley & M. M. Harley & Leucosphaeri A. J. Paton, Harley & M. M. Harley are described. Endostemon leucosphaerus (Briq.) A. J. Paton, Harley & M. M. Harley is transferred into Endostemon from Erythrochlamys Briq. The circumscription of Endostemon is discussed and the morphological and palynological differences between Endostemon and related genera are illustrated. Endostemon can be distinguished from related genera by its short, villous anthers which are attached to the corolla just below the throat, a small shield-like swelling near the base of the style just above the nutlets and by the pollen having short colpi and alternately wide and narrow mesocolpia. The phytogeography of the genus is discussed. There are two centres of diversity, Angola and the Somalia-Masai region, each having different components.

Mapping and evaluation of the state of conservation of the vegetation in and surrounding the Chapada Diamantina National Park, NE Brazil

The Chapada Diamantina National Park (CDNP) was created in the midst of a densely populated area, and significant sections of the reserve are still undergoing processes of natural regeneration after intensive diamond mining activities were initiated in the mid-1800s. An up-to-date vegetation map was needed in order to indicate the types and distribution of regional vegetation assemblages in an easily interpretable manner and at an appropriate planning scale that could be easily consulted by decision makers and other interested groups at all levels of conservation (and development) planning. A vegetation map of the Chapada Diamantina National Park, and the areas immediately surrounding it, was prepared that: 1) delimits, describes, and maps the regional vegetation assemblages; 2) provides an indication of the degree of conservation of the mapped vegetation; 3) develops this information in a format that facilitates continued updating and revision as more information becomes available, enabling the monitoring of the evolution of the Park lands, and; 4) presents this information in a manner that can be easily interpreted and used for planning, management and conservation purposes. The resulting vegetation map revealed intensive anthropogenic disturbances in forested, savanna, and semi-arid areas subjected to intensive agricultural use outside of the Park boundaries. The National Park lands are generally well preserved but burning has replaced formerly extensive forest areas with open sedge meadows. In spite of intensive modification of the regional vegetation, two well preserved areas with high priority for conservation efforts beyond the National Park limits were identified and characterized. The vegetation mapping of the park itself can aid in the preparation of its management plan and in the reformulation of the existing boundaries of that reserve.

Lista e chaves para gêneros e espécies de Lamiaceae da Amazônia brasileira

A checklist and keys are provided for Lamiaceae native to Brazilian Amazonia (eight genera and 42 species), excluding the genera Vitex, Volkameria, Aegiphila and Amasonia, which have recently been transferred from the Verbenaceae, and for which the author did not have data. An herbarium voucher is listed for each state in which the species has been found. Notes on many cultivated taxa are included, and also a key to all species of Ocimum known from Brazil.

Synonymies and typifications in Portulaca (Portulacaceae) of Brazil

SummaryAfter a systematic revision of Portulaca L. (Portulacaceae) from Brazil, which included field work, studying herbarium specimens and relevant literature and original elements, the taxonomic observations and nomenclatural notes are here reported. Types were sought and most of them located. Synonymies (20), lectotypes (5), epitype (1) and neotype (1) are designated and defined.ResumoEste trabalho apresenta as observações taxonômicas e nomenclaturais resultantes da revisão de Portulaca L. (Portulacacae) do Brasil, que envolveu trabalho de campo e revisão de material de herbário, incluindo tipos e todas as obras principes, e materiais originais relevantes do gênero, o que permitiu apresentar 20 sinonimizações, 5 lectótipos, 1 epitipo e 1 neótipo.

Physominthe (Hyptidineae, Lamiaceae), endemic to Brazil, with a new species, P. longicaulis, from Bahia

SummaryThis is a review of the recently described Brazilian genus Physominthe, composed of two species, one of which, P. longicaulis from northern Bahia, is published for the first time here. After a brief introduction, there is a description of the genus, a key to species followed by full descriptions, citation of specimens, details of habitat, phenology and conservation status.ResumoEste trabalho é a revisão do gênero Physominthe endêmico do Brasil e recentemente descrito. Physominthe é composto de duas espécies, uma das quais, P. longicaulis do norte da Bahia, está sendo publicada pela primeira vez nesse trabalho. Após uma pequena introdução, há a descrição do gênero, uma chave para espécies, descrições completas, citação dos espécimes, detalhes do habitat, fenologia e estado de conservação.

Eriocaulaceae in the Brazilian Amazon and the use of Species Distribution Modelling in its conservation

Following a survey in herbaria in Brazil and abroad, complemented by a survey of the literature and searches of biodiversity data, 66 taxa of Eriocaulaceae have been identified in the Brazilian Amazon, as defined by the states of Acre, Amapa, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia and Roraima. Six genera of Eriocaulaceae were found in the Amazon with the following taxon numbers: Comanthera (3 taxa), Eriocaulon (10), Paepalanthus (15), Rondonanthus (2), Syngonanthus (35) and Tonina (1). Of this total, 25 taxa present distributions in the states of the Amazon and other Brazilian states (considered as widely distributed) and the remaining 41 taxa are restricted to the Amazon Rainforest biome. The distribution data for 31 species were used for Species Distribution Modelling, due to the low number of occurrence points reported for the other taxa, 17 of those are known from a single location. The overlap of these models indicates areas from Amapa, Amazonas, Para and Roraima where modelled species are most likely to occur. These data can further contribute to the location of new populations of species of Eriocaulaceae. New detection of Eriocaulaceae species can assist in filling the gaps on their geographic distribution and ecology, contributing to the protection or restoration of priority areas set aside for their conservation.

Four new taxa of Oocephalus (Hyptidinae: Lamiaceae) from Bahia, Brazil

SummaryThree new species of Oocephalus from Bahia state, Northeast Brazil, O. ganevii, O. rigens and O. tenuithyrsus, are described and illustrated, and a new form of O. silvinae described. Details of habitat and conservation status of these are included. Morphological relationships to other species of the genus are given.ResumoTres species novas do gênero Oocephalus, do estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil, O. ganevii, O. rigens e O. tenuithyrsus, são publicadas pela primeira vez nesse trabalho, junto com descrições completas e pranchas. É descrita tambem uma nova forma da espécie O. silvinae. As tres espécies novas tem detalhes do habitat e estado de conservação, e os relacionamentos com outras espécies do gênero estão discutidos.