Rayna Natcheva

Genetic diversity in populations of Sphagnum capillifolium from the mountains of Bulgaria, and their possible refugial role

Abstract Genetic diversity in eight populations of Sphagnum capillifolium from different Bulgarian mountains was investigated by means of isozyme electrophoresis. High levels of allelic diversity were found (HS = 0.119), comparable to earlier estimates for northern European populations (HS = 0.116). Strong differentiation among populations and a low number of widespread genotypes suggest a high degree of isolation and restricted gene flow between populations, which is consistent with generally small and scattered populations. The large proportion of distinguishable genotypes (mean 0.498) suggests high levels of out-crossing either currently or in the past. Introgression between S. capillifolium and S. rubellum, a species not found in Bulgaria, was suggested by the occurrence of rubellum-alleles in five populations from different mountains. This could be explained by an ancient hybridization event in a sympatric population. Based on (1) the high genetic diversity, (2) the fairly wide distribution of alien alleles, and (3) the isolated distribution of populations even within one mountain, a possible survival of S. capillifolium in the Balkan area during the Quaternary ice periods is hypothesized.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 31

New national and regional bryophyte records, 31 L T Ellis, A Alegro, H Bednarek-Ochyra, R Ochyra, A Bergamini, A Cogoni, P Erzberger, P Górski, N Gremmen, H Hespanhol, C Vieira, L E Kurbatova, M Lebouvier, A Martinčič, A K Asthana, R Gupta, V Nath, R Natcheva, A Ganeva, T Özdemir, N Batan, V Plášek, R D Porley, M Randić, J Sawicki, W Schroder, C Sérgio, V R Smith, P Sollman, S Ştefănuţ, C R Stevenson, G M Suárez, B Surina, G Uyar, Z Modrič Surina The Natural History Museum, UK, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Switzerland, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy, Berlin, Germany, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland, Diever, The Netherlands, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Université de Rennes 1, France, 12 Ljubljana, Slovenia, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, India, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic, Cerca dos Pomares, Portugal, Public Institution, Croatia, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, Ludwigsstadt, Germany, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, St Anna Parochie, The Netherlands, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Romania, Norfolk, UK, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Argentina, University of Primorska, Slovenia, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Turkey, Natural History Museum Rijeka, CroatiaDetermination of development priority of information system subsystems is a problem that warrants resolution during information system development. It has been proven, previously, that this problem of information system development order is in fact NP-complete, NP-hard, and APX-hard. To solve this problem on a general case we have previously developed Monte-Carlo randomized algorithm, calculated complexity of this algorithm, and so on. After previous research we were able to come into possession of digraphs that represent real-world information systems. Therefore, in this paper we will empirically analyze Monte-Carlo algorithm to determine how the algorithm works on real-world examples. Also, we will critically review the results and give some possible areas of future research as well.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 28

Fil: Suarez, Guillermo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tucuman; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman; Argentina

Maternal transmission of cytoplasmic DNA in interspecific hybrids of peat mosses, Sphagnum (Bryophyta)

The progeny of spontaneous interspecific hybrid sporophytes of Sphagnum were used to analyse the inheritance of cytoplasmic DNA. The analysis showed that only the female parent donated chloroplasts and mitochondria in Sphagnum hybrids. Thus, this is the first study demonstrating maternal cytoplasmic inheritance in a nonvascular land plant. This finding has important implications for phylogenetic reconstructions utilizing chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA sequences as well as for the evolution of cytoplasmic inheritance in relation to the life cycle of land plants.

Recombination and introgression of nuclear and chloroplast genomes between the peat mosses, Sphagnum capillifolium and Sphagnum quinquefarium

Haploid hybrid gametophytes are often present at low frequencies in sympatric populations of Sphagnum capillifolium and Sphagnum quinquefarium. We used intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism of the trnLUAA intron of the chloroplast genome to reveal the nuclear and chloroplast composition of mature hybrid gametophytes from natural populations and of gametophytes derived from spores of hybrid sporophytes collected in nature. Asymmetrical nuclear inheritance was found in the progeny of the hybrid sporophytes, indicating that only spores with a low level of recombination of parental genomes were viable. A similarly skewed nuclear composition was found among the naturally occurring hybrid gametophytes. All hybrid genomes contained a larger proportion of S. capillifolium ISSR markers, combined with only two to five S. quinquefarium markers together with a chloroplast haplotype derived from S. quinquefarium. In this way, a pattern resembling introgression is created within a single generation. Some individuals possessed nuclear genomes typical for S. capillifolium in combination with the chloroplast haplotype of S. quinquefarium, possibly indicating backcrossing. Our results indicate that hybridization between S. capillifolium and S. quinquefarium is relatively common, but the resistance of large parts of the genome against heterospecific genes maintains the genetic distinctness of the species. Further evolutionary and phylogenetic consequences of restricted interspecific gene exchange are discussed.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 40

1. Aneura pseudopinguis (Herzog) PocsContributor: K. HylanderEthiopia: Kaffa, Bonga, Gimbo, Meligawa, Barta forest, 3 km ENE of Bonga, moist Afromontane forest, among other bryophytes on dead wood,...

Hybridization between the peat mosses, Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) as inferred by morphological characters and isozyme markers

Abstract. Isozyme markers and morphological characters were studied in four populations of Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium. Recombinant plants were found in three populations, where the two species occur sympatrically. All recombinants possessed different haplotypes and combinations of morphological characters, which show that they are results of independent hybridization events. Strongly male-biased sex ratios were found for Sphagnum capillifolium in all populations where it grew sympatrically with S. quinquefarium. Most of the recombinants were also male fertile. These observations suggest that S. quinquefarium is the female parent in the primary crosses and in subsequent backcrosses.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 43

1. Acaulon mediterraneum LimprContributor: R. NatchevaBulgaria: Blagoevgrad region, Belasitsa Nature Park, south of the road between the villages of Razdak and Drangovo, on soil in pasture, 41.3981...

New national and regional bryophyte records, 47

L. T. Ellis1, M. Alataş2, A. K. Asthana3, K. K. Rawat3, V. Sahu3, A. Srivastava3, V. A. Bakalin4,5, N. Batan6, H. Bednarek-Ochyra7, S. P. Bester8, E. A. Borovichev9,10, D. De Beer11, J. Enroth12, P. Erzberger13, V. E. Fedosov14, C. Feuillet-Hurtado15, S. R. Gradstein16, N. J. M. Gremmen17, L. Hedenäs18, T. Katagiri19, T. Yamaguchi19, M. Lebouvier20, D. Maity21, A. Mesterházy22, F. Müller23, R. Natcheva24, Cs. Németh25, J. Opisso26, T. Özdemir27, H. Erata27, I. Parnikoza28, V. Plášek29, S. Sabovljević30, A. D. Sabovljević30, P. Saha31, Md Nehal Aziz31, W. Schröder32, J. Váňa33, J. van Rooy34, J. Wang35, Y.–J. Yoon36, J. H. Kim36

Didymodon sicculus, new to Bulgaria and Serbia and notes on its ecology

Beata Papp1, Rayna Natcheva2, Peter Erzberger3 and Marko Sabovljevic4 1 Botanical Department, Hungarian Natural History Museum, PO Box 222, 1476, Budapest, Hungary 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Section of Plant Biodiversity and Resources, Akad. G. Bonchev St., bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 3 Belziger Str. 37, 10823 Berlin, Germany 4 Institute of Botany and Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.