Raza Murad Ghalib

A novel antimicrobial agent from the leaves of Peltophorum vogelianum (Benth.)

The methanolic extract of the leaves of Peltophorum vogelianum (Caesalpiniaceae) afforded a new phytoconstituent, 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-1(7,8-dihydroxyethylene)-8-β-D-glucuropyranoside named as peltophorumyl-β-D-glucuropyranoside (5), along with four known phytoconstituents, 1-pentatriacontanol (1), friedelin (2), β-sitosterol (3) and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), which have not been isolated previously from this plant. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and physical evidence (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC and MS). Moreover, compound 5 showed significant antimicrobial activity.

A new triterpenoid from the leaves of Ficus benjamina (var. comosa)

The benzene extract of the leaves of Ficus benjamina (variety comosa) afforded a new triterpene, named serrat-3-one (Fc-2), along with the known phytoconstituents pentacontanyl decanoate (Fc-1), friedelin and β-sitosterol. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and physical evidence (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of leaves of F. bejamina showed significant antinociceptive activity in an analgesiometer test.

9-(3,4-Dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)-3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-4,5,6,9-tetra­hydro-3H-xanthene-1,8(2H,7H)-dione

The asymmetric unit of the title xanthene compound, C25H30O5, contains two molecules in which the pyran ring and the dimethoxyphenyl ring are nearly perpendicular to one another [dihedral angles = 86.81 (8) and 84.45 (9)°]. One of the methoxy groups in one molecule is twisted away from the phenyl ring [C—O—C—C torsion angle = −103.40 (16)°]. The pyran ring adopts a boat conformation whereas the two fused cyclohexane rings adopt envelope conformations in both molecules. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Cholinesterase Enzymes Inhibitory Activities of Indeno Imidazoles and X-Ray Crystal Structure of 3a,8a-Dihydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-1,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-indeno[1,2-d]imidazole-2,8-dione

Two indeno imidazoles have been synthesized by the reaction of ninhydrin with diphenylurea and diphenylthiourea. The structures have been determined by spectral analysis. The supramolecular behavior of 3a,8a-Dihydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-1,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-indeno[1,2-d]imidazole-2,8-dione (1) was thoroughly analyzed and reported using X-ray single crystal technique and concepts. The presence of oxygen and nitrogen atoms led to very interesting supramolecular motifs interactions such as nitrogen–oxygen, nitrogen–nitrogen, oxygen–oxygen, nitrogen–hydrogen, and oxygen–hydrogen. 3a,8a-dihydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-2-thioxo-2,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-1H-indeno[1,2-d]imidazol-8-one 2 showed good antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, while 3a,8a-dihydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-1,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-indeno[1,2-d]imidazole-2,8-dione 1 only showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. Both of 1 and 2 were inactive against C. albicans. Derivative 2 demonstrated good cholinesterase enzyme activity unlike derivative 1 which has weak inhibitory activity against these enzymes. Furthermore, 2 was found to be a selective butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitor that has potential use for prevention of further neurodegeneration as well for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer patients.Graphical AbstractThe non-covalent interactions involved in the crystal structure of 3a,8a-Dihydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-1,3,3a,8a-tetrahydro-indeno[1,2-d]imidazole-2,8-dione (1) were investigated and reported in terms of crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry. Different motifs of N···H and O···H interactions as well as N···O, N···N, and O···O are adopted by the crystal structure and led to a strong crystal packing.

9-(3,4-Dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexa­hydroxanthene-1,8(2H)-dione

In the title compound, C21H22O5, the mean planes of the pyran and dimethoxyphenyl rings are nearly perpendicular to one another, with the dihedral angle between them being 88.21 (8)°. The pyran ring adopts a boat conformation whereas the two fused cyclohexane rings adopt envelope conformations. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF XYLOSMA LONGIFOLIUM

ABSTRACT The methanolic extract of the leaves of Xylosma longifo lium afforded a new flavonodic compound named as Kaempferol-3-β-xylopyranoside-4’-α-rhamnoside along with Kaempferol, Quercetin, Kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, Quercetin-3-rhamnoside. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and physical evidences (IR, 1 HNMR, and MS data). It was also screened for their antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Xylosma longifolium , flacourtiaceae, flavonoids, antimicrobial activity. INTRODUCTION The genus Xylosma, a large genus of shrubs and trees is chiefly distributed in most of the tropical and subtropical regions. About four species are found in India. 1 It occurs as shady ravines of the western Himalayas from Kashmir to Kumaon and on low hills up on to an altitude of 1,500 meter. The extract of Xylosma longifolium (Commonly know as “Khandhara”) leaves is found to resembles opium in its action and is used with it for house pests and fences. It is used in Assam for intoxication, and also exhibits antispasmodic, dysentery, restlessness and insomnia.

A new benzofuranic acid from the leaves of Rhus alata.

From leaves of Rhus alata, one new benzofuranic acid named [(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl- benzo[3,4-b] furan-6-yloxy)-prop-2-enoic acid has been isolated together with eight known compounds: dimethyl ester of terephthalic acid, β-amyrin, friedelin, lupeol, β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, taraxerone and ethyl gallate. Structural elucidations were done on the basis of chemical and physical data (IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectra).

Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic activity and constituents–activity relationships of the leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae)

The leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae) have been refluxed successively with chloroform and alcohol to get chloroform extract and alcoholic extract. Both the extracts have been assayed for cytotoxicity against human colorectal tumour cells. The chloroform extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC50 31 µg mL−1 (p < 0.01). However, ethanol extract was found to be much less cytotoxic with IC50 > 200 µg mL−1. The chloroform extract has been further proceeded for chemical analysis by GC-TOFMS and 178 components were identified including acids, amines, amides, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, benzene derivatives, bicyclic compounds, terpenes, hydrocarbons, naphthalene derivatives, furan derivatives, azulenes, etc. Nine components representing 51.73% of the total chloroform extract were detected as major components. Caryophyllene (14.41%) and Eicosanoic acid ethyl ester (12.17%) are the most prominent components of the chloroform extract. β-Caryophyllene (14.41%) as most abundant compound supports potent cytotoxicity as shown by chloroform extract.

11H-Indeno­[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one

In the title compound, C15H8N2O, the fused ring system is approximately planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.039 (1) Å. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions help to establish the packing.

7,7′,8,8′-Tetra­meth­oxy-4,4′-dimethyl-3,5′-bichromene-2,2′-dione

In the title molecule, C24H22O8, the mean planes of the two coumarin units are inclined to each other at a dihedral angle of 79.93 (3)°. The attached methoxy groups form torsion angles of 7.65 (19) and 78.36 (14)° with respect to one coumarin unit, and angles of 9.01 (16) and 99.08 (11)° with respect to the other coumarin unit. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect pairs of molecules to form dimers, generating R 2 2(16) and R 2 2(18) rings; the dimers are linked by further weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming extended chains. Additional stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π interactions.