Razib Iqbal

A framework for MPEG-21 DIA based adaptation and perceptual encryption of H.264 video

A ubiquitous computing concept permits end users to have access to multimedia and digital content anywhere, anytime and in any way they want. As a consequence, the importance of resource customization according to user preferences and device requirements set the primary challenge towards seamless access. Moreover, once a suitable customization approach has been decided (e.g. adaptation), deploying it in the existing network requires a generic and widely accepted standard applied to the process. With the advancement of time, performing encryption in the compressed domain should also be taken care of not only for serving sensitive digital contents but also for offering security as an embedded feature of the adaptation practice to ensure digital right management and confidentiality. In this paper, we present an architecture for temporal adaptation of ITU-T H.264 video conforming to ISO/IEC MPEG-21 DIA. In addition, we present a perceptual encryption scheme that is integrated in the system for video encryption. The framework enables video bitstreams to be adapted and encrypted in the compressed domain, eliminating cascaded adaptation (i.e. decoding - adaptation - encoding). The encryption framework is applied on the adapted video content, which reduces computational overhead compared to that on the original content. A prototype, based on the proposed architecture and experimental evaluations of the system as well as its performance supporting the architecture are also presented.

Compressed-domain temporal adaptation-resilient watermarking for H.264 video authentication

In this paper, we present a DCT domain watermarking approach for H.264/AVC video coding standard. This scheme is resilient to compressed-domain temporal adaptation. A cryptographic hash function is used to generate a semi-fragile watermark to provide content-based authentication. The embedded watermark can withstand frame-dropping due to temporal adaptation, yet it is able to detect malicious attacks such as content modification, transcoding etc. Simulation results demonstrate that the watermarking scheme is computationally efficient and suitable for practical use.

Compressed-Domain Encryption of Adapted H.264 Video

Commercial service providers and secret services yearn to employ the available environment for conveyance of their data in a secured way. In order to encrypt or to ensure personalized security of the video contents in an intermediary node, it is necessary to have the content structure conforming to an international standard. Moreover, pressure to satisfy user preferences and device requirements seamlessly are raising the need for content to be customized providing the best possible experience. In this paper, we present perceptual encryption scheme for video encryption that is incorporated with a dynamic temporal adaptation technique of the H.264 video conforming ISO/IEC MPEG-21 digital item adaptation. Encryption is performed on demand directly from the adapted bitstream and its generic Bitstream Syntax Description (gBSD)

Compressed-domain spatial adaptation resilient perceptual encryption of live H.264 video

In this paper, we present a slice-based encryption and spatial adaptation technique for H.264 videos. The encrypted video is resilient to spatial adaptation. All the encryption and adaptation steps are performed without any cascaded decoding and re-encoding operation. We use MPEG-21 gBSD as a metadata description of the compressed bitstream. This metadata is utilized to execute all the necessary footsteps in compressed-domain. The proposed encryption scheme can be applied to a compressed bitstream before or after adaptation operations. Moreover, the resultant bitstream conforms to H.264/AVC specification. Proof of the proposed encryption scheme and overall performance results established from the implemented system are also presented here.

Modeling and evaluation of overlay generation problem for peer-assisted video adaptation and streaming

In this paper, we consider the problem of overlay generation for video adaptation and streaming applications in a way to efficiently utilize the bandwidth and computing power of the participating peers. Therefore, the proposed architecture performs regular streaming functions as well as video adaptation functions, moving the video contents adaptation computation load away from dedicated media-streaming/adaptation servers to the participating peers. To verify the performance of our design, we followed an analytical approach based on 0-1 Integer Linear Programming method to model the system and to calculate the optimum overlay. The performance of our scheme is evaluated by simulations. Preliminary results demonstrate that our design performance nearly follows the optimal boundary in terms of resource utilization.

A Cooperative video adaptation and streaming scheme for mobile and heterogeneous devices in a community network

In this paper, we aim to present the fundamental properties of a community-driven adaptive P2P streaming scheme. We show that if the participants in a community network agree to not only share their bandwidth, but also their computing resources according to the design principles mentioned here, then mobile and heterogeneous devices can be accommodated in the P2P paradigm ensuring adequate resource utilization, with respect to resilience to peer dynamics. We present simple design principles for a multimodal P2P system considering available bandwidth, computing power, and delay to build the video overlays. Some evaluation results supporting our design principles are also presented.

MPEG-21 Based Temporal Adaptation of Live H.264 Video

The diversity of devices in both wired and wireless networks via which multimedia contents are desired to be accessed and interacted with has grown significantly. Applications like video conferencing, surveillance and chatting is challenged by this diversity which requires live adaptation to meet user requirements and device specifications. In this paper, we present an architecture for temporal adaptation of ITU-T H.264 video conforming to ISO/IEC MPEG-21 DIA for live video stream along with the adaptation module implementation detail. Adaptation is performed on demand directly from the live bitstream and its generic bitstream syntax description (gBSD) avoiding conventional approaches seen in traditional transcoders. As a result, any MPEG-21 compliant host can adapt the stream without requiring the video codec. A prototype, based on the proposed architecture, and experimental evaluations of the system and its performance supporting the architecture are also presented

Secured MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation for H.264 Video

Seamless adaptation and transcoding techniques to adapt the digital content have achieved significant focus to serve the consumers with the desired content in a feasible way. With the succession of time we sense that secured adaptation should also be taken care of for not only serving sensitive digital contents but also to offer security as an embedded feature of the adaptation practice to ensure digital right management and confidentiality. In this paper, we propose an encryption framework for a transcoder while adapting H.264 video conforming to MPEG-21 DIA. Encryption mechanism is applied on the adapted video content thus reducing computational overhead compared to that on the original content

Redundancy Allocation Based on the Weighted Mismatch-Rate Slope for Multiple Description Video Coding

Multiple description coding (MDC) is a robust coding technique for video transmission over error prone networks, whereby the video is encoded into multiple descriptions with some redundancy between the descriptions. This redundancy leads to error resiliency in the case of packet loss during the network transport. However, the amount of this redundancy has a critical role in MDC performance. Therefore, a crucial problem in MDC is to find what the optimum amount of redundancy budget is, and then how this redundancy budget can be optimally allocated to the frames. To solve this problem, we propose a scheme in which the redundancy budget is allocated to the frames based on the weighted mismatch-rate slopes so that this additional bitrate can attain maximum distortion reduction. The redundancy is added gradually so that fine tuning of the utilized bitrate is achievable. We have verified our proposed scheme by implementing it in H.264/AVC reference software JM16.0, and running experiments against two representative reference methods. Our experiments show that our scheme not only minimizes the end-to-end distortion with a rate-distortion performance that is better than the reference methods, especially for high PLRs, but also entirely uses the available bandwidth, unlike the reference methods.

DAg-stream: Distributed video adaptation for overlay streaming to heterogeneous devices

Combining the advantages of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) content distribution concept and metadata driven adaptation of videos in compressed domain, in this paper, we propose a simple but scalable design of distributed adaptation and overlay streaming using MPEG-21 gBSD, called DAg-stream. The objective is not only to shift the bandwidth burden to end participating peers, but also to move the computation load for adapting video contents away from dedicated media-streaming/adaptation servers. It is an initiative to merge the adaptation operations and the P2P streaming basics to support the expansion of context-aware mobile P2P systems. DAg-stream organizes mobile and heterogeneous peers into overlays. For each video, a separate overlay is formed. No control message is exchanged among peers for overlay maintenance. We present a combination of infrastructure-centric and application end-point architecture. The infrastructure-centric architecture refers to a tree controller, named DAg-master, which is responsible for tree/overlay administering and maintenance. The application end-point architecture refers to video sharing, streaming and adaptation by the participating resourceful peers. The motivation for this work is based on the experiences and lessons learned so far about developing a video adaptation system for heterogeneous devices. In this article, we present our architecture and some experimental evaluations supporting the design concept for overlay video streaming and online adaptation.