Rebeca O. Millán-Guerrero

Frecuencia y factores de riesgo asociados a sobrepeso y obesidad en universitarios de Colima, México

OBJECTIVE Determining risk factor frequency regarding obesity and being overweight in university students. METHODS A cross-sectional analytic study was carried out on 821 students from the University of Colima. Some variables analysed were age, gender, alcoholism, smoking and weight-control drug use. RESULTS 821 students were included (380 male, 441 female), 20.9±2.5 average age. 27.8 % of males were overweight and 14.7 % suffered from obesity; this was 17 % and 5.2 % in females, respectively. Smoking (2.1 OR; 1.4-3.8 95 % CI; p=0.01) and alcoholism (2.1 OR; 1.2-3.6 95 % CI; p=0.003) were associated with being overweight and being obese. Weight-control drug use was a protective factor in both genders (0.4 OR; 0.2-0.8 95 % CI; p=0.01); diet control was only a protective factor in women (2.2. OR; 1.1-3.4 95 % CI; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS 31.6 % of university students were overweight and suffered from obesity. Smoking and alcoholism in males were associated with being overweight and suffering from obesity. Weight-control and diet-control drug use were protective factors.

Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND To determine the characteristics and prevalence of previous child sexual abuse among a group of Mexican junior high school students. METHODS A total of 1067 adolescents of both genders were selected to fill out a survey about child sexual abuse. RESULTS The prevalence of child sexual abuse was 18.7% (n = 200). It was more frequent in girls (58%) than in boys (42%). Sexual abuse involved physical contact in 75% of those cases reporting abuse. The aggressors were neighbours (50.3%), relatives (36.8%) and strangers (13.9%). Abuse was committed through deception in 90% of the cases and involved physical mistreatment in 10% of the cases. Of the victims, 14.4% had spoken about the problem and 3.7% had taken legal action. And 9.6% of those surveyed stated that they required psychological counselling. CONCLUSIONS In the population studied, the prevalency of child sexual abuse was greater than that reported in Mexico City (4.3-8.4%), although it was similar to that found in the Spanish child population (15-23%). The risk of sexual abuse is greater for girls and the principal aggressors are male neighbours, family friends and relatives; the abuse is committed in the home of the aggressor or the victim and very few cases are reported to the authorities.

Nalpha-methylhistamine safety and efficacy in migraine prophylaxis: phase I and phase II studies.

Objective.—To study the therapeutic potential of the subcutaneous administration of Nα‐methylhistamine in migraine prophylaxis.

Association of matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene promoter polymorphism with myocardial infarction susceptibility in a Mexican population

1School of Medicine, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia Las Viboras, CP 28040, Colima, Col., Mexico 2General Hospital N◦ 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Colima, Zaragoza 377, Colonia, CP 28040, Mexico 3Hospital Regional Universitario, Secretaria de Salud del Estado de Colima, Km 2.0 Carretcra Colima-Guadalajara, CP 28019, Colima, Mexico 4School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Madero Y Aguirre Peqeno, Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Frequency of, indications for and clinical epidemiological characteristics of first time cesarean section, compared with repeated cesarean section

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of, indications for and clinical epidemiological characteristics in patients having their first cesarean section (FCS) and then to compare the data with that found in patients with repeated cesarean section (RCS). Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. 493 pregnant patients who gave birth by cesarean section or vaginal delivery were seen. Some of the variables analyzed were: age, prenatal care consultations, gyneco-obstetric antecedents, cesarean section indication and neonate weight. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, χ2 and OR, with a 95% CI. Significance was p<0.05. Results. 66% of the patients had vaginal births (VB) and 33.4% had cesarean sections, with a FCS frequency of 61%. The three most frequent indications for FCS were dystocias and cephalopelvic disproportion (45%), fetal distress (12.8%), and pelvic presentation (9.9%). Meanwhile, those for RCS were previous cesarean section (51%), dystocias (20%) and pelvic presentation (6.2%). The variables significantly associated with FCS were: first pregnancy, antecedent of labor room induction and a neonate weight above 3500 g. The remaining variables were not associated with FCS. Percentages of nulliparity, secondgravidity and multigravidity were greater in RCS patients. Conclusion. The frequency of FCS is still high in Mexico. Adequate following of programs to diminish the percentage of FCS and increase the number of VB, would significantly reduce the prevalence of cesarean section.

A280V Polymorphism in the Histamine H3 Receptor as a Risk Factor for Migraine

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Activation of histamine H3 receptors blocks the release of peptides responsible for headache. Our objective was to investigate the association between the genotypes of A280V polymorphism in the H3 receptor and migraine risk. METHODS We evaluated the frequency of the genotypes of A280V, polymorphism A280V and allelic variants of H3 receptor in 147 migraine patients and 186 healthy controls using a PCR-RLFP method. RESULTS V allele frequency was 6.46% and 2.68% for the cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.02) (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.20-5.93). The frequency of V/V + V/A genotypes was 12.92% in migraine patients, significantly higher when compared to the 3.22% frequency in the control group (p = 0.001) (OR 4.45; 95% CI 1.7-11.46). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that V-allele genotypes in the H3 receptor gene are related to migraine risk in the Mexican population. We propose the hypothesis that the V-allele genotypes in the H3 receptor gene increase the population of inactive receptors, enhancing the inhibition of the negative feedback mechanism on the H3 receptor and increasing histamine release, which correlates with migraine attacks in susceptible patients. The case-control study reinforces the role of histamine in migraine pathogenesis.

Reduction of Peritoneal Adhesion to Polypropylene Mesh with the Application of Fibrin Glue

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the possibility of the reduction of peritoneal adhesions to a polypropylene mesh with fibrin glue. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were assigned to two treatment groups: Group 1) hernioplasty with polypropylene mesh plus fibrin glue sealant, and Group 2) hernioplasty with polypropylene mesh without fibrin glue sealant. The variables evaluated were: presence and density of adhesion, organs or abdominal structures adhered to the polypropylene mesh, inflammatory tissular reaction and cell recount. Results: Group 1 presented a statistically lower adhesion percentage than Group 2 (40% versus 100%, P = 0.0003). The mean areas of mesh patch surfaces covered with adhesions were statistically different between Groups 1 and 2 (0.67 ± 0.65 cm2 versus 1.60 ± 0.51 cm2; P = 0.00001). Twelve rats presented with adhesions in Group 1; eleven were adhesions to the epiploon and one to the colon. In Group 2 there were 16 adhesions to the epiploon, 2 to the colon, 1 to the small intestine and 1 to the stomach. Tissular reaction comparison showed a significant difference (21 ± 4.9 versus 17 ± 4.1; P = 0.006). Conclusions: Fibrin glue sealant significantly reduced the frequency and severity of intra-abdominal adhesions.

F-wave and H-reflex alterations in recently diagnosed diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE To explore the frequency of F-wave and H-reflex alterations in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to determine if the alterations are dependent on the levels of glycemia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 asymptomatic patients, with a mean age of 45.4 +/- 9.8 years and a disease evolution of less than 10 years. Patients were classified as either normoglycemic (7 mmol/L; n = 20) or hyperglycemic (7 mmol/L; n = 30). H-reflex (HR), F-wave (FW), and nerve-conduction measurements (NCM) between the diabetic and non-diabetic (control) groups were compared. RESULTS The H-reflex was absent in 22% of the patients, while the M-component of this reflex was altered in 58% of patients. The F-wave was altered in 12% of the patients. The motor nerve compound action potential showed a diminution in amplitude (26% of patients, n = 13), area (32%, n = 16), and conduction velocity (20%, n = 10). No positive correlation between glycemia levels and the above alterations was found. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that asymptomatic diabetic patients showed a high incidence of subclinical neurophysiological abnormalities.

Frecuencia de Antibioticoterapia en Pacientes Hospitalizados y Factores de Riesgo Asociados

OBJECTIVE Determining antimicrobial indication and frequency of use in hospitalised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Date and place of work: May 1st to June 30th 2006, Colima, Mexico. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out; it involved 400 patients from both sexes hospitalised in different second level hospital departments. The variables analysed were: age, gender and the department from which each patient was referred. Antibiotics were evaluated according to type, frequency of use, whether use was prophylactic or therapeutic, whether treatment design was monotherapeutic or mixed, the amount of time taken from being admitted to hospital to beginning treatment, the number of days of treatment, the motive for changing or suspending therapeutic design, the number of patients receiving complete design and the number of patients for whom cultures were or were not done. RESULTS 63% of the patients received antibiotic therapy, antibiotic use being prophylactic in 46 % of them. The General Surgery Department presented statistically significant antibiotic use association (3.9 OR; 1.7-8.9 CI; p<0.01) and the Internal Medicine Department presented a protector factor (0.5 OR, 0.3-0.8 CI, p<0.01). Betalactamic antibiotics were most frequently used (47%). Mean antibacterial treatment lasted 3.8+/-3.3 days and the amount of time taken from hospital admittance to beginning antibiotic treatment was 13.6+/-47.4 hours. Cultures were done for 2.8% of the patients. CONCLUSION 63% of hospitalised patients received antibiotic therapy. The prophylactic impact of antibiotics on intrahospital infection frequency and characteristics should be evaluated and their cost-benefit calculated.

N Alpha Methyl Histamine Versus Propranolol in Migraine Prophylaxis

OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and tolerability of the subcutaneous administration of N alpha methyl histamine versus oral propranolol in the treatment of migraine prophylaxis. BACKGROUND N alpha methyl histamine has a selective affinity for H3 receptors and could constitute a new therapeutic drug in migraine prophylaxis. METHODS Sixty patients with migraine were selected and enrolled in a 12-week double-blind controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous administration of N-alpha methyl histamine (1 to 3 ug twice a week ) n=30, compared to administration of 120 mg/day of oral propranolol n=30. the variables were: headache intensity, frequency of attacks, duration of migraine attacks and analgesic intake. RESULTS fifty five patients completed the study. the data collected during the 4th week of treatment revealed that N alpha methyl histamine and propranolol caused a significantly (p<0.01) greater reduction between the basal values and final values of every variable studied. CONCLUSIONS Both N alpha methyl histamine and propranolol are similarly effective in reducing or eliminating the headache in migraine prophylaxis. low doses of N-alpha methyl histamine injected subcutaneously may represent a novel and effective therapeutic alternative in migraine patients and may lay the clinical and pharmacological groundwork for the use of H3 receptor agonist in migraine prophylaxis.