Rebecca Copenhaver

From Kant to Croce: Modern Philosophy in Italy 1800-1950

PART ONE: Introduction * A Strange History (Bobbio I) * Idealism and Sensism (Rosmini I) * Philosophies Imported and Contested (Galluppi I) * Experience and Ideology (Galluppi II) * Restoration and Reaction (Rosmini II) * The Mother Idea (Rosmini III) * Primacy (Gioberti I) * The Ideal Formula (Gioberti II) * A Natural Method (Mamiani) * Revolution and Recirculation (Spaventa) * Facts and Laws (Villari) * Real and Ideal (De Sanctis) * Resurgence (Fiorentino and Florenzi Waddington) * Matter and Idea (Labriola) * No Speculative Movement (Barzellotti) * A Revelation (Croce I) * History Under Art (Croce II) * What is Distinct? (Croce III) * What is Living? (Croce IV) * What is Dead? (Croce V) * Materialism (Gentile I) * Idealism (Gentile II) * Actualism (Gentile III) * Manifestos (Croce and Gentile) * Common Sense and Good Sense (Gramsci I) * The Religion of Liberty (Croce VI) * Philosophy in Prison (Gramsci II) * Still a Strange History (Bobbio II) PART TWO: Translations * Galluppi, Elements * Rosmini, A Sketch * Gioberti, Primacy * Gioberti, The Ideal Formula * Mamiani, Renewal * Spaventa, Italian Philosophy * Villari, Positive Philosophy * De Sanctis, Realism * De Sanctis, The Ideal * Florenzi Waddington, Pantheism I * Florenzi Waddington, Pantheism II * Fiorentino, Vico and Kant * Fiorentino, Positivism * Labriola, Materialism * Croce, The Concept of Art * Croce, Logic * Croce, The Philosophy of Hegel * Gentile, Praxis * Gentile, Idealism * Gentile, The Act of Thinking * Gentile, Actual Idealism *Manifesto I *Manifesto II * Gramsci, Introduction to Philosophy * Croce, Liberty * Gramsci, Letters

The strange Italian voyage of Thomas Reid: 1800–60

Thomas Reid, an important philosopher in his own time, was never really forgotten after his death. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Scots themselves valued him above Hume, while the French explored his thought as one major alternative to Condillac and the later Idéologues – the other choice being Kant. In this way, Reid became the head of the ‘Scottish School’ in the influentialHistoire comparée published by Joseph de Gérando in 1804. Since French books were more likely to be read than English or German works in Napoleonic Italy, it is no surprise that De Gérando’s schema is visible in subsequent Italian philosophy, which put Reid at the leading edge of philosophical progress, crediting him with major innovations that Kant either exploited or, to his discredit, ignored. For contemporary students of Reid, his posthumous Italian journey may be strange to contemplate, but travel is often instructive.