Rebecca Toppe Shortridge

THE IMPACT OF STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD NUMBER 123 ON EQUITY PRICES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE COMPANIES

Abstract Stock options have become a significant component of compensation for top executives. However, the appropriate method of accounting for stock options has been the subject of much debate. We document the history and current status of accounting for stock options including the issuance of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation (SFAS 123). We then examine the stock market reaction to six events leading to the adoption of SFAS 123. The results from this test show that the market reacted negatively to the possibility that a standard would be adopted requiring stock options to be expensed. We also document that the magnitude of the market reaction is affected by debt contracting costs and political costs. These results suggest that the market reduces the value of firms who might violate their debt covenants and that firms with higher income are more subject to regulation by political entities. These results can add to the debate about accounting for stock options that has been revived in light of the Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco accounting scandals.

Information content of IFRS versus GAAP financial statements

Purpose This study aims to determine whether financial statement users suffered a significant loss of information when, in November 2007, the SEC dropped the requirement for foreign private issuers using International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS firms”) to reconcile their financial statements to US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Design/methodology/approach The study investigates whether analyst forecast errors and forecast dispersion increased for IFRS firms to a greater extent than for US GAAP firms after the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) dropped the reconciliation requirement. Using a treatment group comprised of IFRS firms and a matched sample of US GAAP firms, this study uses regression analyses to compare forecast errors and dispersion for the last fiscal year the reconciliation was available and the first fiscal year during which the reconciliation was unavailable to analysts. Findings The study finds evidence that forecast errors for IFRS firms exhibited no systematic change after the reconciliation was no longer available for analysts covering those firms. Thus, it does not appear that dropping the reconciliation requirement was associated with a change in forecast accuracy. However, the study does find evidence of increased dispersion in the IFRS firms’ forecasts relative to their US GAAP counterparts after the reconciliation requirement was dropped. Practical implications These findings have implications for evaluating the Securities and Exchange Commission’s 2007 decision to eliminate the reconciliation for IFRS firms. Specifically, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s decision does not appear to have significantly altered analysts’ information environments. Originality/value This paper contributes to the understanding of how a group of sophisticated financial statement users adapt to different sets of accounting standards.