Regina C. A. Lago

UTILIZATION OF AGROINDUSTRIAL RESIDUES FOR LIPASE PRODUCTION BY SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION

The aim of this work was to produce lipases by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using, as substrate, agroindustrial residue supplemented with by-products from corn oil refining process or olive oil. For a group of ten fungi strains selected in the first steps, the lipase activity obtained by SSF varied from 7.7 to 58.6 U/g of dry substrate (gds). Among the evaluated strains, the Aspergillus niger mutant 11T53A14 was selected by presenting the best enzymatic production. For the fermentation tests, two substrates were also investigated: wheat bran and corn cob, both supplemented with olive oil. The best results were obtained with wheat bran. Additionally, three industrial by-products from corn oil refining (soapstock, stearin and fatty acids) were evaluated as substitutes to the olive oil in the function of lipases production inducer. Among them, soapstock and stearin were the best inducers, whereas fatty acids presented an inhibitor effect. The highest lipase activities using soapstock, stearin and fatty acids were 62.7 U/gds, 37.7 U/gds and 4.1 U/gds, respectively.

Selection of postharvest technology routes by mixed-integer linear programming

Abstract A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed for the selection of technology routes for fruit and vegetable crops between harvest and market. The objective is to optimize capital investment in food preservation facilities under uncertainties, based on alternative routes and a set of crop and market scenarios. A case-study illustrates the application of the model.

The effect of unsaponifiable matter on the properties of coffee seed oil

The unsaponifiable matter of coffee seed oil has been shown to be responsible for the comparatively low melting-point (approximately 8C) of this oil. The melting point of coffee oil fatty acids, free of unsaponifiable matter, is 40−42C, and their esterification with glycerol produces an oil with a melting point of 34−36C. The unsaponifiable matter is probably responsible for high refining losses of coffee oil since the surface activity of its main constituents facilitates a partial saponification or emulsification of neutral oil during the treatment with alkalies, especially in oils with high acidity.

Acetone powder from dormant seeds of Ricinus communis L: lipase activity and presence of toxic and allergenic compounds.

The influence of several factors on the hydrolytic activity of lipase, present in the acetone powder from dormant castor seeds (Ricinus communis) was evaluated. The enzyme showed a marked specificity for short-chain substrates. The best reaction conditions were an acid medium, Triton X-100 as the emulsifying agent and a temperature of 30°C. The lipase activity of the acetone powder of different castor oil genotypes showed great variability and storage stability of up to 90%. The toxicology analysis of the acetone powder from genotype Nordestina BRS 149 showed a higher ricin (toxic component) content, a lower 2S albumin (allergenic compound) content, and similar allergenic potential compared with untreated seeds.

Further observations concerning effects of unsaponifiable constituents on the properties of coffee seed oil

The addition of monoesters of cafestol to triglycerides obtained by re-esterification of coffee oil fatty acids resulted in a behavior similar to that of the original coffee oil when subjecting the mixture to the Wesson procedure, a test for predicting refining losses. Contrary to expectation, the softening point of the triglycerides remained practically unaffected by the above addition.

Determination of hydroxyl value in fats and oils using an acid catalyst

A method for the rapid determination of the hydroxyl value of oils, fats and related products is described. The method uses toluene-p-sulphonic acid as a catalyst and this allows the sample, dissolved in toluene, to be acetylated in 10 min at room temperature. The fatty acid anhydrides formed during the acetylation are decomposed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and tert-butanol, and are then titrated with hydrochloric acid. The addition of an aliquot of the sample to the blank after the decomposition of the acetic anhydride reduces the number of titrations required to two.

Acetone Powder From Dormant Seeds of Ricinus communis L

The influence of several factors on the hydrolytic activity of lipase, present in the acetone powder from dormant castor seeds (Ricinus communis) was evaluated. The enzyme showed a marked specificity for short-chain substrates. The best reaction conditions were an acid medium, Triton X-100 as the emulsifying agent and a temperature of 30°C. The lipase activity of the acetone powder of different castor oil genotypes showed great variability and storage stability of up to 90%. The toxicology analysis of the acetone powder from genotype Nordestina BRS 149 showed a higher ricin (toxic component) content, a lower 2S albumin (allergenic compound) content, and similar allergenic potential compared with untreated seeds.

Estudo preliminar das sementes e do óleo de cinco espécies da amazônia.

Resultadospreliminares sao apresentados sobre a composicao das sementes e dos oleos das seguintes especies da Amazonia: Couroupita guianensis, Pachira aquatica, Eglerodendron pariri, Parkia gigantocarpae Parkia opositifolta,o que representa parte de uma tentativa de se estabelecer, aditivamente, o potencial economico daquela regiao. Enquanto as duas primeiras, pelo teor de oleo apresentado (29,4 e 44,1%, respectivamente) podem ser considerados como oleaginosas, as duas especies de Parkiaapresentaram proteinas com altoteor de triptofano, merecendo ser estudadasmais detalhadamente. A especie Eglerodendron pariri,ao contrario, nao se revelou como fonte potencial,quantitativa ou qualitativa, quer de oleo, quer de proteina. Na especie Couroupia guianensisencontrou-se predominância de acido linoleico (>80%) enquanto que nas amostras de oleo de Parkia gigantocarpae P. opositifoliasobressai a presenca de 12-15% de acidos de peso molecular elevado (C20:0 e C22:00) e um teor de aproximadamente 40% de C18:2. 0 acido palmitico e o principal componente dos Oleos de Pachira aquaticae Eglerodendron pariri.A separacao e a identificacao de acidos responsaveis, no Oleo de P. aquatica,pela resposta positiva ao teste de Halphen, nao foram definitivas. Nos cinco oleos o β-sitosterol foi o componente maior da fracao esterolica, isoladaa partir do material insaponificavel.

On the occurrence of cyanolipids In Paullinia carpopodea cambess And P. cupana Kunth seed oils

Paullinia carpopodea seed oil contains 70% type Icyanolipids with cyanogenetic properties, as proven by chemical and spectrometric techniques. P. cupana seed oil also contains cyanogenic type I cyanolipids, according to its 1Ή-NMR spectrum. The existing controversy in the literature about the presence and/or type of cyanolipids in P. cupana seed oil is probably due to the low amount of these compounds (0.2%) in the seeds.

Componentes químicos da madeira de Torresia acreana Ducke

Some compounds present in the wood of Torresia acreana Ducke (Leguminosa, Lotoideae) were identified. Coumarin, vanillic acid, the terpenoids campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, cycloeucalenol, 24-methylene cicloartanol and cycloartenol and some fatty acids chiefly oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids had their presence established by chromatographic and spectrometric methods. The allelopathy of these compounds was discussed.