Regina Maria Veras Gonçalves da Silva

Fatores associados à experimentação do cigarro em adolescentes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with smoking experimentation among adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using a specific questionnaire to interview 2,883 students from 7th to 10th grade in schools located in the urban area of the city of Cuiaba, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Prevalence was estimated, and the principal factors related to cigarette experimentation were analyzed. Subsequently, a hierarchical logistic model was used to describe the chances of cigarette experimentation related to the variables being investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of cigarette experimentation was 30.2%. In the final model of the analysis, the main variables related to cigarette experimentation were low maternal level of education (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.72-3.47); low socioeconomic level (OR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.01-1.93); studying in a public school (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.22-2.00); being in 10th grade (OR = 3.45; 95% CI: 2.63-4.54); attending school in the evening (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.85-3.22); having divorced parents (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02-1.49); having been held back for one school year (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.78-2.70); having friends who smoke (OR = 3.75; 95% CI: 2.99-4.70) having a sibling who smokes (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.82-3.27); and being older (age 17-19 years) (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.39-4.17). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of adolescents have experimented with smoking. After adjusting for confounding variables, the factors most strongly associated with cigarette experimentation were maternal level of education, age of the adolescent, attending school in the evening, having been held back for one school year and having a sibling who smokes. Preventive measures must be directed at adolescents in schools in order to control smoking.

Desenvolvimento de Questionário de Frequência Alimentar para adultos em amostra de base populacional de Cuiabá, Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

OBJETIVO: Descrever a construcao de um Questionario de Frequencia Alimentar (QFA) para utilizacao em estudos que visem a obtencao de dados sobre o consumo alimentar de adultos de Cuiaba, MT. METODOS: Um inquerito recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h) foi aplicado em uma subamostra de 104 individuos, de ambos os sexos, selecionados aleatoriamente a partir de uma amostra probabilistica de estudo de base populacional. Considerando-se frequencia de citacao e contribuicao para o consumo de energia e nutrientes dos alimentos citados nos R24h foram selecionados 81 itens alimentares e as respectivas porcoes de referencia, que foram aquelas mais frequentemente relatadas nos R24h. A lista do QFA foi gerada com oito categorias de resposta para a frequencia de consumo. RESULTADOS: Os itens alimentares citados por mais de 50% da amostra foram o acucar, cafe, feijao, arroz, carne, pao e refrigerante, sendo que os quatro ultimos tambem foram os que mais contribuiram para o consumo energetico. Nao se observaram diferencas entre homens e mulheres nos alimentos que mais contribuiram para a ingestao de macro e micronutrientes. CONCLUSAO: O QFA foi desenvolvido com a inclusao dos itens alimentares de maior relevância para a dieta da populacao adulta de Cuiaba, Mato Grosso. Comprovadas sua validade e reprodutibilidade, este instrumento sera util em investigacoes epidemiologicas e clinicas sobre o possivel papel da dieta no desenvolvimento de enfermidades nessa populacao.

Reproducibility, relative validity and calibration of a food frequency questionnaire for adults

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reproducibility and relative validity and calibrate the dietary intake assessment of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using a random sample of 195 adults aged 20 to 50 years from the Central-West Region of Brazil. The reference method used by the study was two 24-hour recalls (24hR) that provided energy-adjusted deattenuated food intake data for comparison purposes. With respect to reproducibility, the average weighted kappa was 0.43 and exact agreement was 41.5%. With regard to relative validity, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.32 (thiamin) to 0.51 (carbohydrates), with a mean of 0.41. Deattenuation and adjustment for energy intake decreased most correlation coefficients in relation to crude values. The food frequency questionnaire showed good reliability and moderate validity for most nutrients based on classification into quartiles of energy and nutrient intake. The calibrated means of the FFQ were more similar to the means estimated from the 24hR and showed lower standard deviation.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a validade relativa de um questionario de frequencia alimentar (QFA) e estimar seus fatores de calibracao. Uma amostra aleatoria de 195 adultos, com idades entre 20 e 50 anos, foi estudada no Centro-oeste do Brasil. O metodo de referencia utilizado foi o recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h). Quanto a reprodutibilidade, o kappa medio ponderado foi de 0,43 e a concordância exata foi de 41,5%. Com relacao a validade relativa, os coeficientes de correlacao variaram de 0,32 (tiamina) a 0,51 (carboidratos), com media de 0,41. A deatenuacao associada ao ajuste para a energia reduziu a maioria dos coeficientes de correlacao em relacao aos valores brutos obtidos para os nutrientes. O QFA avaliado mostrou boa reprodutibilidade e validade moderada para a maioria dos nutrientes, quando avaliada pela categorizacao em quartis. As medias do QFA calibrado ficaram mais proximas das obtidas pelo R24h, com desvios-padrao menores.

Between the remnants of colonialism and the insurgence of self-narrative in constructing participatory social maps: towards a land education methodology

This article summarizes a social mapping project conducted by the Environmental Education, Communication and Arts Research Group from the Federal University of Mato Grosso. The primary goals of the project were to map the vulnerable social groups of Mato Grosso, and identify the social and environmental conflicts that put them in situations of risk. The conflicts and dilemmas these groups experience are typically caused by land and water disputes. In turn, the disputes can be traced to the continuance of colonialist forms of political, economic and ecological relations implicit in the prevailing model of development in the region. Supported by the reinvention and application of a new methodology for environmental education, namely the social map, the work illustrates the significance of group identities, self-narratives and interpretive frames, and discusses how social mapping might be used in land education to enable the construction of participatory forms of public policy.

Tabagismo e obesidade abdominal em doadores de sangue

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between smoking and abdominal fat among male blood donors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,235 adult male blood donors (age, 20-59 years) in the city of Cuiaba, Brazil. Socioeconomic, demographic, and anthropometric data, as well as information on the lifestyle of the participants, were collected. In this study, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were used as markers of abdominal fat. The association between these two markers and smoking was analyzed by multiple linear regression in separate models, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Of the 1,235 respondents, 273 (22.1%) reported being smokers, and, of those, 99 (36.3%) reported smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day. The average body mass index was lower among smokers than among nonsmokers (p 11 cigarettes/day. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, smoking was positively associated with indicators of abdominal fat, regardless of potential confounding factors, including the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Diet quality in a sample of adults from Cuiabá (MT), Brazil: association with sociodemographic factors

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dietary quality of adults and to identify associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of adults (n=195), aged 20-50 years, of both genders, from a population-based study in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Food consumption data was collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and body composition data were also collected. Diet quality was analyzed by the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. The associations were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The mean Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised score was 75.2 points (CI95%=74.2-76.1), which differed significantly between the genders (p=0.03). Women had higher scores for whole fruit and sodium (p 30 years had higher total Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised score and higher scores for the groups whole fruit; saturated fat; and calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugar (p<0.01). The Poisson regression between high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised and the independent variables showed that high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised was associated with being female, being aged 30 years or more, and being from families whose household head had 8 or more years of formal education. CONCLUSION: The factors associated with high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised were age, gender, and education level of the household head.

Mobilidade social, estilo de vida e índice de massa corporal de adolescentes

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between social mobility, lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents. METHODS A cohort study of 1,716 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years of both sexes. The adolescents were participants in a cohort study and were born between 1994 and 1999. The adolescents, from public and private schools, were assessed between 2009 and 2011. Lifestyle was assessed by interview and anthropometry was used to calculatebody mass index. For the economic classification, both at pre-school age and in adolescence, the criteria recommended by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies were used. Upward social mobility was categorized as an increase by at least one class in economic status within a 10-year-period. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between upward social mobility and the outcomes assessed. RESULTS Among all respondents (71.4% follow-up of the cohort), 60.6% had upward social mobility. Among these, 93.6% belonged to socioeconomic class D and 99.9% to economy class E. Higher prevalence of social mobility was observed for students with black skin (71.4%) and mulatto students (61.9%) enrolled in public schools (64.3%) whose mothers had less schooling in the first evaluation (67.2%) and revaluation (68.7%). After adjustment for confounding variables, upward social mobility was associated only with sedentary behavior (p = 0.02). The socioeconomic class in childhood was more associated with the outcomes assessed than was upward mobility. CONCLUSIONS Upward social mobility was not associated with most of the outcomes evaluated, possibly as it is discreet and because the period considered in the study may not have been sufficient to reflect substantial changes in lifestyle and body mass index in adolescents.

Dislipidemia autorreferida na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados

Lipid disorders are risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and its control may reduce morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease. Knowledge of the factors associated with this injury may subsidize campaigns to encourage change in the populations lifestyle. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and to identify associated factors. Cross-sectional population-based study, with individual data from the Telephone Survey on Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases Surveillance System (VIGITEL). It included 7,975 individuals of both sexes, aged ≥ 18 years living in state capitals in the central-west of Brazil, in the year 2009. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 15%, increased with age (p = < 0.01) did and not differ significantly according to sex. After adjustments, the variables that were directly associated with the outcome were overweight (p = < 0.01), obesity (p = < 0.01) and self-rated health as poor (p = < 0.01). Regular consumption of bean (≥ 5 days/week) was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia (p = < 0.01). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the central-west of Brazil was increased with age and was associated with bean consumption, excess weight (overweight and obesity) and self-rated health as poor.

Reproducibilidad, validez relativa y calibración de un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria para adultos

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reproducibility and relative validity and calibrate the dietary intake assessment of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using a random sample of 195 adults aged 20 to 50 years from the Central-West Region of Brazil. The reference method used by the study was two 24-hour recalls (24hR) that provided energy-adjusted deattenuated food intake data for comparison purposes. With respect to reproducibility, the average weighted kappa was 0.43 and exact agreement was 41.5%. With regard to relative validity, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.32 (thiamin) to 0.51 (carbohydrates), with a mean of 0.41. Deattenuation and adjustment for energy intake decreased most correlation coefficients in relation to crude values. The food frequency questionnaire showed good reliability and moderate validity for most nutrients based on classification into quartiles of energy and nutrient intake. The calibrated means of the FFQ were more similar to the means estimated from the 24hR and showed lower standard deviation.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a validade relativa de um questionario de frequencia alimentar (QFA) e estimar seus fatores de calibracao. Uma amostra aleatoria de 195 adultos, com idades entre 20 e 50 anos, foi estudada no Centro-oeste do Brasil. O metodo de referencia utilizado foi o recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h). Quanto a reprodutibilidade, o kappa medio ponderado foi de 0,43 e a concordância exata foi de 41,5%. Com relacao a validade relativa, os coeficientes de correlacao variaram de 0,32 (tiamina) a 0,51 (carboidratos), com media de 0,41. A deatenuacao associada ao ajuste para a energia reduziu a maioria dos coeficientes de correlacao em relacao aos valores brutos obtidos para os nutrientes. O QFA avaliado mostrou boa reprodutibilidade e validade moderada para a maioria dos nutrientes, quando avaliada pela categorizacao em quartis. As medias do QFA calibrado ficaram mais proximas das obtidas pelo R24h, com desvios-padrao menores.

Reprodutibilidade, validade relativa e calibração de um questionário de frequência alimentar elaborado para adultos

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reproducibility and relative validity and calibrate the dietary intake assessment of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using a random sample of 195 adults aged 20 to 50 years from the Central-West Region of Brazil. The reference method used by the study was two 24-hour recalls (24hR) that provided energy-adjusted deattenuated food intake data for comparison purposes. With respect to reproducibility, the average weighted kappa was 0.43 and exact agreement was 41.5%. With regard to relative validity, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.32 (thiamin) to 0.51 (carbohydrates), with a mean of 0.41. Deattenuation and adjustment for energy intake decreased most correlation coefficients in relation to crude values. The food frequency questionnaire showed good reliability and moderate validity for most nutrients based on classification into quartiles of energy and nutrient intake. The calibrated means of the FFQ were more similar to the means estimated from the 24hR and showed lower standard deviation.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a validade relativa de um questionario de frequencia alimentar (QFA) e estimar seus fatores de calibracao. Uma amostra aleatoria de 195 adultos, com idades entre 20 e 50 anos, foi estudada no Centro-oeste do Brasil. O metodo de referencia utilizado foi o recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h). Quanto a reprodutibilidade, o kappa medio ponderado foi de 0,43 e a concordância exata foi de 41,5%. Com relacao a validade relativa, os coeficientes de correlacao variaram de 0,32 (tiamina) a 0,51 (carboidratos), com media de 0,41. A deatenuacao associada ao ajuste para a energia reduziu a maioria dos coeficientes de correlacao em relacao aos valores brutos obtidos para os nutrientes. O QFA avaliado mostrou boa reprodutibilidade e validade moderada para a maioria dos nutrientes, quando avaliada pela categorizacao em quartis. As medias do QFA calibrado ficaram mais proximas das obtidas pelo R24h, com desvios-padrao menores.