Rehman Au

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS N-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF SULFONAMIDES

In the present study, a series of N-substituted sulfonamides have been synthesized. The reaction of benzene sulfonyl chloride (1) with O-anisidine (2) yielded N-(2-methoxyphenyl) benzenesulfonamide (3), which on bromination with bromine in the presence of acetic acid gave N-(4,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulfonamide (6). The two products (3) and (6) further on treatment with alkyl halides/acyl halide in the presence of sodium hydride yielded thirteen different N-substituted sulfonamides. The compounds were characterized by IR, EIMS and 1H-NMR and screened against acetyl cholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase and lipoxygenase enzymes. The results revealed that N-butyl-N-(4, 5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenyl)benzene sulfonamide (6d) and N-pentyl-N-(4,5-dibromo-2-methoxy phenyl)benzenesulfonamide (6e) exhibited good inhibitory potential against lipoxygenase.

Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review

The World Wide Web such as social networks, forums, review sites and blogs generate enormous heaps of data in the form of users views, emotions, opinions and arguments about different social events, products, brands, and politics. Sentiments of users that are expressed on the web has great influence on the readers, product vendors and politicians. The unstructured form of data from the social media is needed to be analyzed and well-structured and for this purpose, sentiment analysis has recognized significant attention. Sentiment analysis is referred as text organization that is used to classify the expressed mind-set or feelings in different manners such as negative, positive, favorable, unfavorable, thumbs up, thumbs down, etc. The challenge for sentiment analysis is lack of sufficient labeled data in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). And to solve this issue, the sentiment analysis and deep learning techniques have been merged because deep learning models are effective due to their automatic learning capability. This Review Paper highlights latest studies regarding the implementation of deep learning models such as deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks and many more for solving different problems of sentiment analysis such as sentiment classification, cross lingual problems, textual and visual analysis and product review analysis, etc.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, ENZYME INHIBITION AND HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF CARYOPTERIS ODORATA FRACTIONS

The purpose o f this study was to explore the antibacter ial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition and hemolytic activities of various fractions of Caryopteris odorata (Ham. Ex Roxb.) . The methanolic extract of plant was dissolved in distilled water and partitioned with n - hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n - butanol sequentially. Antibacterial activity was checked against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Pasturella multocida and Escherichia coli by the disc diffusion method using streptomycin sulphate, a standard antibiotic, as positive control. Polar fracti on s showed good antibacterial potential against these strains. These fractions also showed good MIC values. Antifungal activity was studied against four fungi i.e. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Ganoderma lucidum and Alternaria alternata by the dis c diffusion method using fluconazole, a standard antifungal drug, as positive control. E thyl acetate fraction was found active against A. niger and G. lucidum while chloroform and n - butanol fraction s were active against A. flavus. Enzyme inhibition studies were performed against four enzymes i.e. α - glucosidase , butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase. E thyl acetate and n - butanol soluble fraction exhibited good activity against α - glucosidase with IC 50 values 79.77 ± 0.97 and 82.77 ± 0.88 respectively. Chloroform soluble fraction showed moderate activity against butyrylcholinesterase ( IC 50 69.71 ± 0.95) while chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited good activity against the lipoxygenase with IC 50 values 65.28 ± 0.57 and 78.71 ± 0.69 respectively. Ethyl acetate frac tion showed high toxicity i.e. 85.14 ± 0.83 %.

FLAVONOIDS FROM RHYNCHOSIA PSEUDO-CAJAN AS SUITABLE α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS

A series of nine flavonoids , 1 - 9, isolated from Rhynchosia pseudo - cajan Cambe ss., ha s been investigated in present work for their biological potential against α - glucosidase, lipoxygenase (LOX), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes ; and antioxidant activity against diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radica l respectively . The results re vealed that the se flavonoid s are very suitable inhibitor s of α - glucosidase and moderate ones of AChE enzyme . Against BChE enzyme , only myricetin (7) while against LOX , quercetin (6) and myricetin (7) remained active as shown b y their IC 50 values. Moderate to excellent s cavenging activity was also depicted by these molecules against DPPH . The mode s of interaction of some active compounds against α - glucosidase and BChE were computationally observed and correlate d with the experim ental results.

BERBERIS BALUCHISTANICA : ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT S TO REPRIEVE FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS

The present investigation was aimed to assess the antioxidant potential of various fractions of Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt . The organic fractions were obtained by add ing distilled water in crude m ethano lic extract of the plant and subsequently partitioning with organic solvents namely, n - hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n - butanol , respectively . Phytochemical screening showed presence of useful antioxidants in more amounts in polar fraction s of this plant. The antioxidant activity of all these fractions and remaining aq ueous fraction was evaluated by using five methods: 1,1 - Diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, f erric reducing an tioxidant power (FRAP) assay f erric thiocyan ate assay by Linoleic acid, t otal phenolic contents (TPC) and t otal antioxidant activity by phosphomolybdenum method . E thyl ac etate soluble fraction possessed 87.98±1.08 % inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 60µg/mL as compared to other fr actio ns. The IC 50 of this fraction was 15.96 ± 1. 5 0µg/mL, relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, a reference standard), having IC 50 of 12.33±0.87 µ g/mL. It also have strong degree of total antioxidant activity i.e. 0.98 ± 0.0 7 (absorbance at 695 nm) as well as highest FRAP value ( 360 ± 1.4 TEµM/mL), highest total phenolic contents ( 143.51 ± 1.6 8 GAE mg/g) and highest value of inhibition of lipid peroxidation ( 52.496 ± 1.1 6 % at concentration of 500 µg/mL ) as compared to the other studied fractions. n - B utanol fraction also showed good results.