Reinhard Henkel

Geography of religion : Rediscovering a subdiscipline

In many parts of the world, the significance of religion has increased during the last years and decades. In the sociology of religion, the secularization thesis was the dominant framework for the interpretation of developments in the realm of religion for a long time. Meanwhile, other explanation patterns have become more prominent, such as the individualization thesis and economic theories. The so-called “spatial turn” does not seem to have reached sociology of religion yet. In history of religion (religious studies), however, questions of spatiality and locality are being studied intensively. Geography of religion has been regarded a diverse and incoherent field until recently. In the past years this has changed. Two directions of research have become apparent. One of them mainly considers social geographical problems and methods while the other has been influenced by the new cultural geography approach. Both should more frequently work with the above mentioned theoretical approaches of sociology of religion. Geography of religion must not, however, lose track of its main goal: it always has to point to the fact that all religious processes take place in space and have a spatial dimension.

A SANCTUARY IN POST‐CONFLICT SPACE: THE BAPTIST CHURCH AS A ‘MIDDLE OPTION’ IN BANOVINA, CROATIA

Abstract. One of the observable aspects of social change during the transition period in most post‐socialist countries is the revival of religion. The resurgence of churches has accompanied national revival and in some countries it is also connected to a growing post‐socialist nationalism. This article focuses on the development of different –‘transnational’– religious options in an area of ethnic conflict by presenting a case study of the post‐war growth of the Baptist Church in the Banovina region in Croatia, close to the Bosnian border. Research results are based on halfstructured interviews with church representatives and members. The research shows that there has been a considerable post‐war expansion of the Baptist Church in the Banovina region, and that it is mainly ethnic Serbs and people from mixed marriages who have joined the Church. Many of them have a background as communists. For them, neither the Catholic Church, which is regarded as a Croatian church, nor the Serbian Orthodox Church are viable religious options. Instead, there are three factors that make the ‘Baptist option’ attractive. First, it is grounded in the historical tradition of the Baptist Church in this region and on memories and myths activated in the war and post‐war periods. Second, the Baptist Church has made a middle transnational option available in an ethnically mixed area. As such it attracts those who are searching for a niche of neutrality in an ethnically strongly divided region characterized by conflict. Third, the considerable humanitarian work and help of organizations related to the Baptist Church during and after the war not only added in the eyes of many people in need to its image elements of existential shelter, but also brought the Church out of the shadows and made it more ‘visible’– thereby improving its former reputation as an obscure sect.