Renata Silva-Mann

Influence of the harvesting time, temperature and drying period on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil

Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil with high concentration of linalool is valuable in international business. O. basilicum essential oil is widely used as seasoning and in cosmetic industry. To assure proper essential oil yield and quality, it is crucial to determine which environmental and processing factors are affecting its composition. The goal of our work is to evaluate the effects of harvesting time, temperature, and drying period on the yield and chemical composition of O. basilicum essential oil. Harvestings were performed 40 and 93 days after seedling transplantation. Harvesting performed at 8:00 h and 12:00 h provided higher essential oil yield. After five days drying, the concentration of linalool raised from 45.18% to 86.80%. O. basilicum should be harvested during morning and the biomass dried at 40oC for five days to obtain linalool rich essential oil.

Esterco bovino e biofertilizante no cultivo de erva-cidreira-verdadeira (Melissa officinalis L.)

The phytotherapic and economic importance of Melissa officinalis has contributed to its cultivation expansion. The essential oil of leaves is composed of chemical constituents, which can be largely employed in the pharmaceutical industry due to their antioxidant, antivirotic and sedative activities. Thus, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of level combination of organic fertilization with commercial biofertilizer and cattle manure on Melissa officinalis cultivation. Treatments constituted of four levels of organic biofertilizer (Vitassolo®) and cattle manure at 0; 30,000; 60,000 and 90,000 L ha-1. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, in split plot 4X4 factorial arrangement, with three replicates. The characteristics evaluated were plant height, leaf yield, essential oil content and yield. The highest cattle manure levels resulted in higher plant development, compared with the same biofertilizer levels.

Restrição hídrica em sementes de Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.)

The jenipapo is a native species from Latin America, belonging to the Rubiaceae family and presents great timber value and alimentary, being exploited without conservation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the water restriction effect, using two methodologies for the Genipa americana L. seeds germination. The first methodology was performed with immersed seeds in polyethylene glycol solutions (PEG 6000) for 18 days at 0.0, -0.1, -0.3, and -0.4 MPa at 20° C, simulating the flooding conditions. After this period, the seeds were disposed to germinate in Petri dishes with germitest paper, blotter paper type, moistened with water. The second methodology used the same osmotic potential, damping the blotter paper type to simulate the fluid restriction. A completely randomized design was used with four replications of 25 seeds. For the immersed seeds in PEG solutions, the potential -0.3 MPa allowed the osmotic conditioning, while the -0.4 MPa interfered in vigor. In imbibed seeds in paper there was a germination reduction, because the time, until potential events were not observed from -0.3 MPa.

Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de milho submetidas a termoterapia e condicionamento fisiológico

Thermotherapy has been used for eliminating fungi on seeds. However, physiological and biochemical alterations, which may occur on seeds following this treatment, have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, the efficacy of heat treatment (hot water) followed by osmopriming, in the control of fungi associated with maize seeds and its effects on physiological seed quality, was evaluated. The fungi associated with the seeds were detected by the deep-freezing blotter method, and physiological quality was determined by germination, first-germination counting and electric conductivity tests in addition to determination of eletrophoretic patterns of the enzymes: esterase (EST), malate dehidrogenase (MDH) and alcohol dehidrogenase (ADH). The heat treatment used was hot water at 60°C for 5, 10 and 20 minutes. After treatment, a fraction of the seeds was submitted to osmopriming on roll paper soaked in PEG 6000 solution at -1.2 MPa. All heat treatments reduced or eliminated Acremonium strictum on maize seeds. Heat treatments for 10 and 20 minutes reduced significantly the percentage of Fusarium verticillioides. Increasing period of heat treatment raised the values of conductivity and reduced significantly seed germination rate and first-germination counting. Heat treatment for 20 minutes altered the eletrophoretic pattern of esterase and malate dehidrogenase enzymes. Osmopriming did not reverse damage caused by the heat treatments.

AFLP markers differentiate isolates of Colletotrichum gossypii from C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides

Doencas fungicas em algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum), tais como antracnose causada por Colletotrichum gossypii e ramulose causada por C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides, levam a grandes perdas em produtividade. Estes microrganismos sao patogenos veiculados por sementes e morfologicamente similares apesar deles induzirem sintomas diferentes, que podem levar a um erro no diagnostico usando o teste de sanidade com sementes em rolo de papel. O presente estudo foi realizado para acessar a viabilidade do uso de marcadores Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) para diferenciar estes patogenos. Cinco isolados, para cada patogeno, foram classificados de acordo com a patogenicidade e morfologia de crescimento micelial. As suspensoes de conidios foram pulverizadas em plantas de algodoeiro com 30 dias e os sintomas avaliados aos dez e 40 dias apos a inoculacao. Para a morfologia de crescimento micelial, 200 sementes foram inoculadas com culturas puras com sete dias, e as caracteristicas miceliais observadas sob microscopio esterioscopico sete dias apos a inoculacao. O DNA para a analise de AFLP foi obtido de micelio fungico com sete dias, crescido em meio liquido, usando o protocolo Dneasy Qiagen. A tecnica AFLP produziu 318 bandas polimorficas que foram selecionadas para calcular as similaridades usando o Coeficiente de Dice. Os resultados claramente distinguiram os isolados causadores de ramulose dos de antracnose, os quais concordam, com dados morfologicos e de patogenicidade.

Variabilidade morfocultural e genética de fungos associados a podridão peduncular do mamão

The objective of this work was to look at the variability between isolates of the three fungal species, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium solani and Phoma caricae-papayae associated with stem-end rot in papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) which were produced in different regions of Brazil. In one trial, comparisons were made considering morphological and cultural characteristics exhibited by the fungi grown in different media: Potato dextrose agar (PDA), Papaya extract agar (PEA) and Czapek. In general, mycelial growth of all fungi was higher in PDA and PEA and no correlation was seen between growth rates and other morphocultural characteristics such as color, colony type and others for all isolates compared. The analysis of AFLP markers revealed that there is a huge genetic variation between isolates as demonstrated by the production of 339 bands in eletrophoretic gel. With basis on genetic diversity it was possible to characterize four groups of C. gloeosporioides, F.solani and P. caricae-papayae. No correlation was seen between morphocultural characteristics and AFLP analysis.

Variabilidade genética de Genipa americana L. pertencente ao baixo curso do rio São Francisco

The use of genetic markers in forest ecosystems enables advances in the genetic understanding of the natural populations, as well as assists on strategies to recover or restore forests. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among 18 individuals of Genipa americana L. by RAPD markers using 12 primers, from Sergipe in the lower course of Sao Francisco River. For the Jaccard index, the average genetic similarity (Ags) among individuals was 60.4%, while the highest similarity distance obtained is between individuals G11 and G12 (83.6% ± 0.03) and the lowest genetic similarity between individuals G4 and G18 (36.5% ± 0.02). Based on the Ags (78.4%), seven pairs were considered genetically similar. this evaluation permits to infer that the individuals can be used to provide seeds in combination with other individuals in restoration programs for degraded areas, but only in remote areas.

Capacidade combinatória e parâmetros genéticos de genótipos de pinhão-manso quanto a caracteres morfoagronômicos

The objective of this work was to determine the general and the specific combining abilities, the genetic parameters, and the correlation between morphoagronomic traits in physic nut (Jatropha curcas) accessions. A randomized block experimental design, with three replicates, was used. The evaluated characters were: Y, yield; PH, plant height; NSB, number of secondary branches; NFF, number of female flowers; SD, stem diameter; W100, weight of 100 seeds; HB, height of branches; and DC, diameter of crown. The general combining ability was significant for Y, NSB, SD, W100, and HB, while the specific combining ability was signicant only for NFF and NSB. Heritability estimates were higher than 70% for NSB, NFF, SD, and HB. Positive genotypic correlations were observed between NSB and SD (0.942), NSB and PH (0.762), NSB and DC (0.798), NSB and Y (0.759), SD and PH (0.738), SD and DC (0.844), SD and Y (0.802), and DC and Y (0.742); and negative ones between NSB and HB (‑0.665), and SD and HB (‑0.687). The NFF explained over 50% of the variation in the physic nut hybrids. General combining ability preponderates on the evaluated traits.

Produção de frutos e características morfofisiológicas de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi., na região do baixo São Francisco, Brasil

RESUMO – Especies florestais com potencial economico, como e o caso da aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.), requerem a selecao de individuos com caracteristicas superiores para uso em projetos de restauracao florestal e para o estabelecimento de plantios comerciais. Estas plantacoes podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade de populacoes naturais de especies nos fragmentos florestais remanescentes, em areas de preservacao permanente, reservas legais ou outras areas de importância ecologica. Foi avaliada a producao de frutos, morfometria e viabilidade de sementes de 15 individuos de aroeira, em diferentes fragmentos, na regiao do Baixo Sao Francisco sergipano. A producao de frutos foi estimada pelo indice de intensidade de Fournier e as caracteristicas morfometricas foram obtidas com paquimetro e balanca analitica digital. A viabilidade e o vigor foram avaliados por meio da porcentagem de germinacao e indice de velocidade de germinacao (IVG), sob condicoes controladas. Os resultados da producao de frutos foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p <0,05). Para as demais variaveis foi utilizado o teste de Scott-Knott (p <0,05). Os individuos diferiram em indices de Fournier (indices 1, 2, 3 e 4) e no tamanho de frutos e sementes. A germinacao variou de 0 a 83% e o IVG de 0,00 a 0,98. As diferencas fenotipicas observadas entre os individuos para a producao de frutos e caracteristicas morfofisiologicas podem ser exploradas em restauracao florestal e estabelecimento de testes de procedencias/progenies, visando a discriminacao de material superior para futuros plantios comerciais.

Parâmetros genotípicos, fenotípicos e ambientais para caracteres morfológicos e agronômicos em abóbora

A abobora e uma hortalica que apresenta grande importância na agricultura familiar no nordeste brasileiro. Muitas comunidades tem encontrado dificuldades na comercializacao de todos os frutos produzidos, em funcao da grande variabilidade fenotipica, que nem sempre atende as exigencias do mercado. O estudo de parâmetros geneticos e importante para fornecer informacoes na implantacao e conducao de um programa de melhoramento. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi estimar parâmetros geneticos, fenotipicos e ambientais para caracteres morfologicos e agronomicos em abobora. Foram estudados sete genotipos de abobora para os anos agricolas de 2008 e 2009, considerando como aleatorio o efeito dos anos e fixo o efeito dos genotipos. As variaveis analisadas foram comprimento e largura do fruto, espessura da polpa na regiao do pedunculo, do meio e da parte inferior do fruto, altura e largura da cavidade interna do fruto, rendimento de frutos, numero de sementes por fruto e massa de 100 sementes. A variavel que apresentou os maiores coeficientes de variacao genetica (25,10 e 41,32 nos dois anos agricolas, respectivamente) foi a espessura da polpa no pedunculo. A herdabilidade foi acima de 90% para as variaveis comprimento dos frutos (98 e 97%), largura dos frutos (98 e 95%), espessura da polpa na regiao do pedunculo (98 e 96%), e altura da cavidade interna do fruto (99 e 97%), nos dois anos agricolas avaliados. Para a relacao CVg/CVe, foram encontrados valores maiores que 1,0 para os caracteres comprimento e largura do fruto, espessura da polpa na regiao do pedunculo e do meio, largura e altura da cavidade interna dos frutos, rendimento de frutos, numero de sementes por fruto e massa fresca de 100 sementes. Na analise conjunta das medias, os genotipos se comportaram diferentemente em relacao aos caracteres avaliados.