Renato C. Marinoni

Levantamento da fauna entomológica no estado do Paraná: I. Introdução. Situações climática e florística de oito pontos de coleta. Dados faunísticos de agosto de 1986 a julho de 1987

Eight localities were selected as representative sites to survey the entomofauna of Parana State, Brazil: 1) Antonina (Sapitanduva); 2) Sao Jose dos Pinhais (Serra do Mar); 3) Colombo (Embrapa); 4) Ponta Grossa (Vila Velha); 5) Telemaco Borba (Reserva Biologica Klabin); 6) Jundiai do Sul (Fazenda Monte Verde); 7) Guarapuava (Santa Clara) and 8) Fenix (Reserva de Vila Rica). Floristic and meteorological conditions in these sites were registered and compared. One Malaise and one light trap were installed in each site. The insects were collected during two years, from August 1986 to July 1988. Only the material obtained during the first year has been sorted at insect order level and analyzed. The quantitative faunistic data were transformed in percentages and monthly densities for the analysis. Comparisons among collecting sites were established based on the faunistic and climatic data. The following methods were used to analyze the data: Clustering Analysis, Principal Coordinate Analysis and the Linear Correlation Coefficient.

A diversidade diferencial beta de Coleoptera (Insecta) em uma paisagem antropizada do Bioma Araucária

This study is part of an ongoing project on factors affecting abundance of coleopterans in the Vila Velha State Park, Ponta Grossa, Parana (PROVIVE). We assessed beta diversity changes as a function of anthropogenic disturbance levels for insects in a forest fragment of the Bioma Araucaria (Floresta Ombrofila Mista). We stratified the study area into five disturbance regions: 1. a managed transitional forest-grass area; 2. an Araucaria angustifolia forest plantation without any management; 3. an early/middle vegetational succession area; 4. a middle/late vegetational succession area, and 5. a late vegetational succession area in advanced stage. We collected insects weekly using malaise traps for a period of 52 weeks from September 1999 to August 2000. We collected 10,822 beetles from 1,659 species. Beta diversity indices indicated high turnover rates among sampling areas. Highest beta diversity was observed between transitional forest-grass area and forested areas. The successional areas were the most similar. Among successional areas, beta diversity was highest between advanced succession and the early succession areas. We show that high insect diversity can be maintained by preserving biodiversity hotspots within the study area, as well as maintaining a mosaic of sites with different vegetational successions and native flora plantation. Additionally, coleopteran diversity was sensitive to habitat alteration, which may make this taxon a good indicator for disturbance of forested regions.

Levantamento da fauna entomológica no Estado do Paraná. IV. Sphingidae (Lepidoptera): diversidade alfa e estrutura de comunidade

In addition to the Survey of the Entomological Fauna in Parana State, the Sphingidae was studied in its ecological and faunistic aspects. The material was collected using one light trap installed in eight different sites of the State (Antonina, Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Colombo, Ponta Grossa, Telemaco Borba, Jundiai do Sul, Guarapuava, and Fenix), from October 1986 to September 1987. A total of 813 specimens and 55 species was captured. The highest values of diversity (Brillouin and Shannon) was observed in Sao Jose dos Pinhais and Jundiai do Sul; the highest values of evenness (Berger & Parker, and Simpson) in Sao Jose dos Pinhais and Antonina. Besides using ecological indices, the data were also compared by Clustering Analysis and Linear Correlation Coefficient. The results were compared with meteorological and floristic conditions in the eight localities, and with the results of others Sphingidae surveys in the Neotropical region.

Fauna de Alticini (Newman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) em diferentes estágios sucessionais na Floresta com Araucária do Paraná, Brasil: diversidade e estimativa de riqueza de espécies

Alticini (Newman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) fauna in different successional stages in an Araucaria Forest of Parana, Brazil: diversity and estimation of species richness. Members of the Alticini were collected at five locations: an edge, an area of unmanaged Araucaria reforestation, and in three successional stages of Araucaria Forest in the state of Parana. Collecting, using malaise traps, was carried out weekly from September 1999 to August 2001, in Vila Velha State Park, near the city of Ponta Grossa, Parana. Collections included 1,891 specimens of 106 species in the Alticini. The highest richness and the lowest species abundance were in the forest margin. Richness was highest in young, and lowest in older successional stages. The richness estimators indicated a possible increase of seven to 50 Alticini species in Vila Velha. The proportional abundance of Chrysomelidae/Coleoptera decreases with increasing degree of succession, and therefore may serve as an indicator of environmental quality.

Levantamento da fauna entomológica no estado do Paraná: II. Ctenuchidae (Lepidoptera)

In addition to the Survey of the Entomological Fauna in Parana State, the Ctenuchidae were studied in its ecological and faunistic aspects. The material was collected using one light trap installed in eight different sites of the State: Antonina, Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Colombo, Ponta Grossa, Telemaco Borba, Jundiai do Sul, Guarapuava and Fenix, from October 1986 to September 1987. The total number of specimens and means values of capture were analyzed. Indices of diversity and evenness were used to discuss richness and dominance of species in each locality. Besides using ecological indices, the data were also compared by Clustering Analysis, Principal Coordinate Analysis and Linear Correlation Coefficient. The results were compared with meteorological and floristic conditions in the eight localities. Faunistic data gathered in these sites were compared.

Os grupos tróficos em Coleoptera

The beetles are a useful group for studies on trophic structure of communities, mainly in forested areas. These kind of studies are based on food habits of species groups. The different terms applied to nomminated these groups (trophic category, ecologic group, trophic group, guild, trophic guild) are discussed. The term trophic group, a natural unity, is proposed to form a group of species with the same food habits, not considering the trophic level. The guild, an artificial unity, is recognized as an important tool to group organisms group that use the same resources as defined by the investigator (Hawkins & MacMaiion, 1989; Simberloff & Dayan 1991; Wilson 1999). The known alimentary habits of Coleoptera are classified in five trophic groups - herbivores, algivores, fungivores, detrivores and carnivores. Within each trophic group, subgroups are recognized. The subgroup are in a lower hierarchic level and are defined by morphological (herbivores), taxonomic (fungivores) atributes of the food, by the food origin (detrivores) and by the way that the food is obtained (carnivores). A food resource diagram showing connections among the trophic groups, based on consumer-consumed (predator-prey) relations, is presented.

Sazonalidade de Nyssodrysina lignaria (Bates) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), no Estado do Paraná, Brasil

As part of two surveys in the state of Parana, Nyssodrysina lignaria (Bates, 1864) (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) was sampled using malaise traps. One of the surveys was developed in eight different sites (Antonina, Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Colombo, Ponta Grossa, Telemaco Borba, Jundiai do Sul, Guarapuava e Fenix) from August 1986 to July 1987 and another one in five areas in different conditions of forest conservation, all located at Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, from September 1999 to August 2000. The data indicate that the seasonality is congruent with the conditions found in temperate regions, with an activity peak in the spring-summer months. In the beginning of fall a second peak of abundance was observed, but not as high as in the spring-summer. These two peaks probably indicate the presence of two populations of N. lignaria associated to different fruit-ripening phases on diverse species of Inga Ph.Miller (Leguminosae, Mimosacea). The populational fluctuation observed in the various sites and the temperature and air humidity influences are discussed. Differences in the floristic conditions in Vila Velha (Ponta Grossa), as a cause of punctual differences in the populational fluctuation are also discussed. Finally, the results are compared with a study made with N. lignaria in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Diversidade de Syrphidae (Diptera) em cinco áreas com situações florísticas distintas no Parque Estadual Vila Velha em Ponta Grossa, Paraná

The syrphids were surveyed in five floristically different areas within Vila Velha State Park in east central Parana, Ponta Grossa, southern Brazil. Areas were classified as edge, araucaria, early (phase 1), middle (phase 2) and late (phase 3) vegetational succession, in which Malaise traps were used, with weekly collections (from September/1999 to August/2000). Nearly 300,000 Diptera were collected, in order of abundance in Araucaria area (n=74,331 individuals, 25% of the total), early (73,782; 25%), late (59,339; 20%), middle (53,623; 18%) and edge (38,796; 13%). A total of 1,345 syrphids, including 97 species, were identified. The greatest abundance and richness were both observed in the edge (n=684 specimens in 54 species), followed by early (n=250; 51), Araucaria (n=162; 34), late (n=146; 31) and middle succession area (n=103; 27). Syrphidae abundance was uncorrelated with Diptera abundance in the five areas. Syrphidae was greatest in the edge, while greatest abundance of Diptera was in the Araucaria and the least was in the edge area. Syrphinae (82% of all Syrphidae collected), Microdontinae and Eristalinae were collected in the five areas. In the three successional stages areas (early, middle and late), Syrphinae was greatest in early, and more or less equally low in middle and late. The greatest abundance and richness occurred in most anthropogenically disturbed areas (edge and early), while the least occurred in the best preserved areas (middle and late succession). Cluster analysis showed that the two later successional stages were most similar, and the edge was the least similar to all the other areas.

Some reproductive and ontogenetic characteristics of Epilachna paenulata (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Epilachninae)

Epilachna paenulata (Germar, 1824) was reared feeding on pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita pepo Lourt.) in laboratory conditions at temperatures of 20±0,5oC, relative humidity of 65±0,5% and 12 hour photoperiod. Groups of fecunded and non-fecunded females were studied. The ovarioles showed four developing stages during egg production, morphologically alike for fecunded and non-fecunded females, but differing in the duration time of the stages. Each ovarium has 24 ovarioles on average, less than any other species known into the genus, and all ovarioles are physiologically active at each oviposition. The mean number of ovarioles is lower when compared with the other species of Epilachninae known. Fecunded and non-fecunded females showed a similar preoviposition period, but longer than any other species known into the genus. The interoviposition period is shorter among fecunded females than non-fecunded and among other species of the genus. The number of ovipositions and eggs per oviposition and the daily oviposition rate are higher among fecunded females than non-fecunded and any other species of the genus. Differing from other Coccinellidae species, the mean eggs width do not change between the first and second ovipositions. The eggs handling decrease the larvae viability. The differences observed in the number of eggs per oviposition, in the interoviposition periods and the daily oviposition rate between fecunded and non-fecunded females showed that mate changes the female reprodutive capacity.

Open and Disturbed Habitats Support Higher Diversity of Syrphidae (Diptera)? A Case Study During Three Yr of Sampling in a Fragment of Araucaria Forest in Southern Brazil

Abstract The diversity of hoverflies in five different habitats of the Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná , Brazil, from September 1999 to August 2002 was studied. These five areas had been exposed to various types of anthropogenic disturbance at different times, which resulted in different stages of plant succession. In total, 2,841 specimens of 151 species of Syrphidae were collected using malaise traps. The highest species richness and abundance were found at the edge of the forest (Forest Edge), whereas the lowest was found in the most conserved areas. Evenness values increased along the succession gradient. The accumulation curve of new occurrences of syrphid species nearly approached an asymptote starting on the third month of the third year. Estimates of syrphid species richness using different methods indicated that between 155 and 288 species are found in the study area, according the Michaelis–Menten and the Chao2 estimators, respectively. The richness and abundance of representatives of the subfamily Syrphinae were higher in more open areas, where herbaceous plants predominate. Nineteen hoverfly species can be considered as environmental indicators, as they were collected exclusively or mainly in one of the defined habitat types. The degree of opening of the vegetation seems to be the factor determining the distribution of Syrphidae species, a conclusion based on the finding that grassy clearings in Araucaria Forests had more species. Hence, we conclude that, to become established, Syrphidae communities need conserved mosaic landscapes.