Renato Ferreira Leitão Azevedo

“Flying High, Landing Soft”

Purpose – There is an increased research interest in the recent phenomenon of Chinese small and medium‐sized businesses (SMEs) going abroad. The paper aims to enrich the literature by proposing a “Flying High, Landing Soft” curriculum helping Chinese SMEs going abroad. This innovative entrepreneurial curriculum is based on the Soft Landings program originally developed by the National Business Incubation Association. The objective of the curriculum is to provide a platform for students at various levels (undergraduate, graduate, and executive education) and business communities to engage in China‐USA‐Brazil entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach – The “Flying High, Landing Soft” curriculum, consisting of three core elements (resources and networks; five steps process of coaching; cultivating storytellers), is grounded in the theories of input‐process‐output model of strategic entrepreneurship and docility‐based distributed cognition.Findings – A “Flying High, Landing Soft” curriculum was developed t...

E-Business Strategy in Franchise Relationship Management

Franchising as a global growth strategy, especially in emerging markets, is gaining its popularity. For example, the U.S. Commercial Service estimated that China, having over 2,600 brands with 200,000 franchised retail stores in over 80 sectors, is now the largest franchise market in the world. The popularity of franchising continues to increase, as people witness an emergence of a new e-business model, Netchising, which is the combination power of the Internet for global demand-and-supply processes and the international franchising arrangement for local responsiveness. The essence of franchising lies in managing the good relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee. This paper shows e-business strategy plays an important role in growing and nurturing such a good relationship. Specifically, the authors discuss: managing the franchisor/franchisee relationship, harnessing the e-business strategy, aligning the e-business strategy with application service providers, and an attention-based framework for franchisee training.

A multidisciplinary approach to designing and evaluating Electronic Medical Record portal messages that support patient self-care

We describe a project intended to improve the use of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) patient portal information by older adults with diverse numeracy and literacy abilities, so that portals can better support patient-centered care. Patient portals are intended to bridge patients and providers by ensuring patients have continuous access to their health information and services. However, they are underutilized, especially by older adults with low health literacy, because they often function more as information repositories than as tools to engage patients. We outline an interdisciplinary approach to designing and evaluating portal-based messages that convey clinical test results so as to support patient-centered care. We first describe a theory-based framework for designing effective messages for patients. This involves analyzing shortcomings of the standard portal message format (presenting numerical test results with little context to guide comprehension) and developing verbally, graphically, video- and computer agent-based formats that enhance context. The framework encompasses theories from cognitive and behavioral science (health literacy, fuzzy trace memory, behavior change) as well as computational/engineering approaches (e.g., image and speech processing models). We then describe an approach to evaluating whether the formats improve comprehension of and responses to the messages about test results, focusing on our methods. The approach combines quantitative (e.g., response accuracy, Likert scale responses) and qualitative (interview) measures, as well as experimental and individual difference methods in order to investigate which formats are more effective, and whether some formats benefit some types of patients more than others. We also report the results of two pilot studies conducted as part of developing the message formats.

Human resource development in Brazil

1. Global Human Resource Development: Landscaping the Anatomy of an Evolving Field Thomas N. Garavan, Alma M. McCarthy and Michael J. Morley Section 1: Asia and Oceania 2. Human Resource Development in Australia and New Zealand Peter McGraw and Robin Kramar 3. Human Resource Development in East Asia Roziah Mohd Rasdi and Maimunah Ismail 4. Human Resource Development in South Asia Satish Pandey, Gertrude I. Hewapathirana and Dinyar M. Pestonjee 5. Human Resource Development in China and North Korea Judy Sun and Greg Wang 6. Human Resource Development in Malaysia and Singapore Maimunah Ismail and Roziah Mohd Rasdi Section 2: Africa and the Middle East 7. Human Resource Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Fredrick M. Nafukho and Helen M. A. Muyia 8. Human Resource Development in Middle East Hussain A. Alhejji and Thomas N. Garavan 9. Human Resource Development in North Africa Hussain A. Alhejji and Thomas N. Garavan Section 3: The Americas 10. Human Resource Development in Canada and the United States Gary N. McLean and Nadir Budhwani 11. Human Resource Development in Latin America Consuelo L. Waight, Jose Ernesto Rangel Delgado and Johana Lopez 12. Human Resource Development in Brazil Renato Ferreira Leitao Azevedo, Alexandre Ardichvili, Silvia Casa Nova and Edgard B. Cornacchione Jr. Section 4: Central and Eastern Europe, Russia and the Former Soviet Union 13. Human Resource Development in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) Maura Sheehan and Beata Buchelt 14. Human Resource Development in Russia and the Former Soviet Union Alexandre Ardichvili, Elena Zavyalova and Oleksandr Tkachenko Section 5: Western Europe 15. Human Resource Development in Ireland and the UK Alma M. McCarthy 16. Human Resource Development in the Nordic Countries Britta H. Heidl and Indravidoushi C. Dusoye 17. Human Resource Development in Germanic Europe Regina H. Mulder and Loek F.M. Nieuwenhuis 18. Human Resource Development in Southern Europe Eduardo Tome Section 6: Emerging Markets 19. Human Resource Development in CIVETS Thomas N. Garavan and Mesut AkdereI. FOUNDATIONS FOR GLOBAL HRD. 1. Globalization and HRD. 2. Culture and HRD. II. PRACTICES OF GLOBAL HRD. 3. Developing Training Programs for International Settings. 4. Delivery of Training Programs Around the World. 5. Consulting Across Cultures. 6. Administration of Global HRD Programs. III. HRD IN GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS. 7. HRD in Global Corporations. 8. Public and Nonprofit Global Organizations. 9. HRD and Globalizing the Organization. IV. HRD PRACTICES AND PROGRAMS AROUND THE WORLD. 10. Western Europe. 11. Eastern Europe. 12. Middle East and North Africa. 13. Africa. 14. South Central Asia. 15. East Asia. 16. Japan. 17. South Pacific Region. 18. Canada. 19. Latin America and Caribbean. 20. United States of America. V. ENTERING THE GLOBAL HRD FIELD. 21. Career Opportunities in Global HRD. 22. Competencies for the Effective Global HRD Practitioner. 23. Preparation for Global HRD Assignments. VI. FUTURE OF GLOBAL HRD. 24. Global HRD Megatrends. Subject Index. Name Index.

Improving Patient Comprehension of Numeric Health Information

Our goal is to improve understanding and use of numeric information (e.g., clinical test results) provided through portals to Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems by older adults with diverse numeracy and risk literacy abilities. We help older adults understand this information by emulating in portal environments best practices from face-to-face communication. To do this, we are developing a computer-based agent (CA) that will use nonverbal cues (e.g. voice intonation, facial expressions) as well as words to convey affective and cognitive meaning of the numbers and improve patient comprehension of the clinical information. The present paper describes a pilot study designed to evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of audio-video messages of a physician delivering clinical test results. These messages will serve as a template for the development of the CA. Older adult pilot participants generally understood the gist of the test results presented in the video messages. Participants’ affective responses to the messages were appropriate to the message’s level of risk: as the level of risk associated with the test results increased, positive affect decreased and negative affect increased. In addition, participants also thought the physician’s delivery matched the message content, and they thought that the messages were informative. These findings will be leveraged to finalize the materials for the primary study in which the impact of video and CA-based messages on patient comprehension of numeric information will be evaluated relative to standard formats used in patient portals.

A conversation with Edgard Cornacchione: understanding the HRD field in Brazil through his lens and perspectives

This article contains a conversation with Edgard B. Cornacchione Jr, Full Professor and Chairman of the Department of Accounting and Actuarial Sciences, College of Economics, Business and Accountancy (FEA) at University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil. He is a pioneer scholar in HRD in Brazil, holding a PhD in the field from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) and another PhD in Accounting from USP. This interview explores Edgards career in HRD practice, research, teaching and outreach and service, in addition to experiences in other related fields, such as Accounting and Business Education. It also considers current insights and perspectives of how HRD has been practised and studied in Brazil. He has been teaching at USP since 1992. To an international audience, who still might not be so familiar with his work and path, this interview has the potential to enhance both the understanding of his experiences and the status of the field in Brazil.

The interplay of personal, professional and field development: a dialogue with K. Peter Kuchinke

This article contains a conversation with K. Peter Kuchinke, Professor and Director of Graduate Studies at the Department of Education Policy, Organization and Leadership, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The aim is to reflect upon factors that influenced his professional and personal development and his life experiences as lens to understand his contributions and the field. For the past 30 years, his career has focused on HRD research and scholarly practice. He has published over 150 refereed articles and book chapters, and lectures widely on issues of HRD, leadership and career studies in the United States and abroad. He served on the Board of Directors of the Academy of HRD as VP of Research from 2000 to 2004, was Proceedings Editor for the US conference in 1997–2000 and served for HRDI as Associate Editor, General Editor and Editor-in-Chief from 2002 to 2009. Currently, he is the President-Elected of the University Council for Workforce and Human Resource Education (UCWHRE) and one of 25 North American PromoDoc Ambassadors for the European Commission Education and Training, Erasmus Mundus Program. The conversation considers the influence of his life experiences in Germany and the United States on his professional career, and his reflections about the trade-offs, meanings and dynamics between life and work in the context of HRD research and practice.

Improving older adults’ comprehension and use of patient portal-based health information

Abstract Within the next 40 years the number of older adults (over 65 years of age) in the world is expected to exceed the number of younger adults for the first time in history and in the United States they are the fastest growing segment of the population and the most frequent consumers of health information. Not surprisingly, the occurrence of chronic illnesses increases with age. Older adults constitute the most vulnerable demographic group, and while they are more likely to need to self-manage chronic illness, they are more disproportionally affected by inadequate health literacy and lower numeracy skills essential to self-care. Patient portal-based systems (e.g., Electronic Health Record) can improve patient care by providing more access to health information, however they are still underutilized by older adults, in part because they are hard to use and the information is often hard to understand. Because portals function more as repositories than collaborative tools, they do not engage patients and may not facilitate self-care. Our project is intended to improve use of portal information by older adults with diverse numeracy and literacy abilities, so that portals can better support patient-centered care. We describe the importance of theory, cognitive science of teaching and learning principles, and research methods in designing technology for older adults in the domain of health care. To exemplify this central argument, we adopt our framework to design and use EHR portal-based information, reducing the demands of comprehension and decision-making on health literacy and numeracy skills, and cognitive abilities more broadly.

Age differences in responding to graphically conveyed health risk information

Patient portals to Electronic Health Records (EHR) have the potential to revolutionize patient-centered care by providing patients ready access to their health information. Unfortunately, portals are underutilized because they are difficult to use, especially by older adults with low health literacy (Czaja et al., 2015). Health literacy, the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions (Ratzan & Parker, 2000), tends to decline with age in part because of age-related declines in processing capacity (e.g., working memory capacity, Barrington & Yoder-Wise, 2006; Chin et al., 2011). EHR patient portals function out of a secure online website that gives patients 24-hour access to personal health information from anywhere with an Internet connection. Ideally, they enable health organizations to enhance patientprovider communication, empower patients, support care between visits, and, most importantly, improve patient outcomes. In reality, limited use of patient portals by vulnerable populations is a critical health care problem. An important barrier to effective use is comprehension of portalbased numeric information, especially by patients with limited health literacy and numeracy abilities. Therefore, an important challenge is to design (numeric) health information in portals to be easier to understand and use. This involves reducing demands on age-vulnerable abilities (e.g., numeracy, processing capacity) and leveraging age-related strengths such as knowledge (e.g., about language and health; Beier & Ackerman, 2005) and affective processing because affective goals (e.g., focusing on positive emotions in order to selfregulate emotion) becomes more important with age (Reed & Carstensen, 2012). According to Fuzzy Trace Theory, understanding and using numeric information involves developing gist-based representations of the meaning of the information (e.g., risk is higher or lower) in addition to verbatim representations of the numbers (Reyna & Brainerd, 1995). Older adults may be adept at gist-based understanding because gist is often grounded in knowledge of the domain (health) and organized in terms of affective distinctions. Unfortunately, portal-based numeric information such as clinical test results is often presented with little context to support gist-based processing (Morrow et al., 2017). In this study, we investigated whether older and younger adults can develop gist-based representations of risk from test result information that is presented in graphically enhanced formats that provide context for gist comprehension. Figure 1. Graphically-Enhanced Message (from Morrow et al., 2017)