Renato Paludetto

Scale up of chemical reactors

This review will not go into discussion on issue related to the market, nor will deal with the attitude of companies and management to promote innovation. We shall focus instead on the technical knowledge and on the tools that are necessary to change an invention into a true innovation.

Batch and semibatch catalytic reactors (from theory to practice)

A short review of batch reactor theory and practice is the subject of this paper. Based on unsteady state mass and energy balances, the mathematical set of equations describing the time-dependent behaviour of a batch or semibatch reactor is reported. The attention is focused on some examples of batch reactor experiences (experimental studies, scale-up techniques, industrial operation and optimisation), in order to show how a theory-based sound engineering practice can lead to process improvements. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.