Revathi P Shenoy

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reaction

Abstract Background. Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology while Oral Lichenoid Reaction (OLR) is a condition mimicking OLP. As these conditions are exposed to oxidative stress, they could release reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are implicated in the pathogenesis of a plethora of inflammatory conditions to lethal diseases. We evaluated and compared the levels of a series of oxidative stress markers in patients with OLP and OLR with that of normal controls and tried to identify the role of these oxidative stress markers in these conditions. Methods. Protein thiol oxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity were estimated in both the groups (OLP and OLR) and compared with that of normal subjects. Results. There were significantly lower levels of serum protein thiols in OLP (p < 0.005) while in patients with OLR the difference was not statistically significant (p < 0.489) when compared with controls. Serum MDA levels were significantly higher in OLP (p < 0.001) and OLR (p < 0.001) than in controls. However, there was no significant difference in serum MDA levels between OLP and OLR patients (p >0.05), but with a significant difference in serum thiol levels between the two (p < 0.047). Total antioxidant levels were lower in OLP (p < 0.016) and OLR (p < 0.017) when compared to normal subjects, while between the study group total antioxidant levels were not significantly different (p < 0.632). Conclusions. The findings from the present study demonstrate involvement of ROS in the pathogenesis of OLP and OLR, though both these disease conditions have a different clinical course.

Effect of three indigenous food stains on resin-based, microhybrid-, and nanocomposites.

PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of three indigenous food stains (tea, tobacco, turmeric) on a nanocomposite (Ceram-X-Mono, Dentsply DeTery, Konstanz, Germany), a microhybrid posterior (P60, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and a universal microhybrid (Z100, 3M ESPE) resin-based composite (RBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six disk-shaped specimens were fabricated (10 × 2 mm) for each type of RBC material, using a polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) sheet. Specimens from each group were randomly distributed into three subgroups for each of the used stains. The baseline color values were measured using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were immersed in the staining solutions for a period of 3 hours per day for 15 days (3 hours/day × 15 days). Following this, the color change value (ΔE) was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION All the tested groups showed a clinically perceptible color change (ΔE values = 3.3 or >3.3), except for tea-stained P60 (ΔE = 3.15) and Z100 (ΔE = 1.63) groups. Turmeric caused the most significant color change for all the tested RBCs. The least amount of color change was observed with the Z100 (tea, ΔE = 1.63; tobacco, ΔE = 13.59; turmeric, ΔE = 38.77) group that was statistically significant from P60 (tea, ΔE = 3.15; tobacco, ΔE = 18.83; turmeric, ΔE = 57.72), and Ceram-X-Mono (tea, ΔE = 3.32; tobacco, ΔE = 18.83; turmeric, ΔE = 53.95) groups.

Estimation of Salivary Protein Thiols And Total Antioxidant Power of Saliva in Brain Tumor Patients

BACKGROUND The role of oxidative stress in the genesis of various types of cancers is well established. Several chemical, cell culture and animal studies also indicate that antioxidants may slow or even prevent the development of cancer. Brain is considered abnormally sensitive to oxidative damage as brain tissue has high rate of oxygen consumption, high lipid content and relatively low antioxidant defenses, compared to other tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design chosen for the present study was cross sectional. The biochemical parameters that were estimated in saliva manually using spectrophotometric methods were ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay--a direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and protein thiols. The physical parameters of saliva that were also assessed were salivary flow rate, pH of the saliva and the osmolality of the saliva. RESULTS The mean values of salivary flow rate and pH were significantly decreased among malignant and benign tumor patients whereas the salivary osmolality was significantly increased in both the groups of patients. The mean values of salivary FRAP were significantly reduced among malignant and benign tumor patients. However, the salivary protein thiols were significantly increased in these patients. CONCLUSION Hence with these observations it can be concluded that in saliva, besides the physical characteristics, salivary FRAP and protein thiol levels are appropriate indicators of the antioxidant status in brain tumor patients.

Assessment of frequency of micronucleated exfoliated buccal cells in relation to oxidative stress in oral lichen planus in coastal Karnataka, India

Objective To assess the frequency of micronucleus in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) in relation to free radical toxicity since OLP is considered to be a precancerous lesion.

Estimation of Salivary Cortisol among Subjects Undergoing Dental Extraction

Background Dental procedures can be stressful and studies have shown that salivary cortisol is elevated during such procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate saliva cortisol levels among the subjects who underwent dental extractions and to compare it with that of the controls. The secondary objective of the study was to evaluate any correlation between salivary cortisol and hemodynamic parameters. Material and Methods We conducted this clinical study among subjects, who were indicated for dental extraction. Saliva samples from the subjects in the study group were collected before and after (10 mins) the dental extraction. Hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and oxygen saturation (Sp O2) were measured 10 minutes prior to the dental extraction and after completion of the extraction by a single trained examiner. Salivary cortisol was estimated by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 31 subjects in the study group and 24 subjects in control group have participated in this study. The mean salivary cortisol concentration was significantly higher after extraction (27.94±7.94) than before extraction (24.67±8.31) in the study group (P<0.001). No significant correlations were seen between salivary cortisol concentration and hemodynamic parameters except for diastolic blood pressure after extraction. Conclusions Dental extractions and local anaesthetic procedures can induce stress in subjects. Dental care providers should try to minimise the subject’s anxiety and stress to the maximum extent. Key words:Cortisol, dental, extraction, saliva, stress.

Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Possible Role of Zinc in its Genesis

Pregnancy is the stage of development of foetus and also a transition in the anatomy and physiology of the mother. During this time various metabolic changes occur in the mother. These changes are necessary to support the growing embryo. Micronutrients, which include vitamins and minerals, are important during all stages of life particularly in pregnancy. Thus inadequate availability of micronutrients can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antioxidant vitamins and certain minerals like zinc, copper and iron are of immense importance during this stage. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder and the disease has been found associated with altered micronutrient levels. Zinc is an essential micronutrient and is necessary for the proper functioning of various enzymes and transcription factors. Studies reveal that altered maternal zinc levels are found associated with preeclampsia. Can zinc contribute to the aetiology of preeclampsia? The relation remains unexplored. This review gives an overview of the difference in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia and the probable association of zinc with preeclampsia.

Serum mineral status and climacteric symptoms in perimenopausal women before and after Yoga therapy, an ongoing study

Background: Many women report an increased level of anxiety, irritability and mood swings during their perimenopausal state. Studies show that physically active people can reduce their anxiety and depression by practicing yoga. Serum minerals such as calcium, copper and magnesium and the ferro-oxidase, ceruloplasmin play an important role in the body during the perimenopausal period. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the serum mineral status, anthropometric parameters and climacteric symptoms in perimenopausal women before and after yoga intervention. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 subjects with perimenopausal symptoms, aged between 40 and 60 years (49.43 ± 6.15) were included in the study. Yoga intervention was given on a daily basis (45 min duration) for 12 weeks. The climacteric symptoms were assessed by Greenes climacteric scale and biochemical parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Results: A significant decrease in the waist hip ratio (P < 0.036) and body mass index (P < 0.036) was observed after yoga intervention. Systolic (P < 0.064) and diastolic (P < 0.082) blood pressure (BP) showed marginal decrease after yoga therapy. Climacteric symptoms improved significantly (P < 0.001) after yoga intervention. A significant increase (P < 0.001) in serum calcium and copper and a marked decrease in serum magnesium (P < 0.05) and ceruloplasmin (P < 0.028) levels was observed, post yoga therapy. Serum magnesium negatively correlated (r = −0.467, P < 0.035) with systolic BP after yoga intervention. Conclusion: The overall changes observed in the mineral status and climacteric symptoms suggest that yoga therapy protocol can be effectively used to improve the quality of life in perimenopausal women.