Rhim Ryoo

Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi of the Republic of Korea. 4. Marasmius sect. Sicci

In total, 13 taxa of Marasmius sect. Sicci have so far been recorded in the Republic of Korea. Five of them (M. crinipes, M. koreanus, M. occultatiformis, M. rhodopurpureus, and M. subtangerinus) are here described as new taxa. Descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features with a discussion on similar taxa are given. Their taxonomic position was confirmed using DNA studies. A key to their identification is also provided.

Phylogenetic relationships of Korean Sparassis latifolia based on morphological and ITS rDNA characteristics

Recent studies based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses have revealed that the characteristics of Sparassis crispa from Asia are not concordant with those of collections from Europe and North America. Consequently, the Asian isolate was redefined as Sparassis latifolia. This study is the first report of Sparassis latifolia collected in Korea. The taxonomic relationships and replacement of Sparassis species were inferred from a comparison of the morphological characteristics and by molecular sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions. In particular, this study focused on the phylogenetic relationships inferred from the biogeographical distribution of isolates within the genus Sparassis.

Morphological and Genetic Characteristics of Newly Crossbred Cauliflower Mushroom (Sparassis latifolia)

Cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia or S. crispa) is popular for food and medicine. Importance of new varieties of Sparassis was raised and studied widely by protection system of UPOV. In this study, 10 crossbred strains of Sparassis latifolia that specifically expressed distinctive features during basidiocarp formation and mycelium growth were applied to sawdust medium inoculated with S. latifolia mycelia. The 10 crossbred strains were divided into 3 groups on the basis of morphological (size of marginal wave and basidiocarp color) and genetic characteristics. Each phenotype of the parent and crossbred strains represented 3 marginal wave-sizes (large, medium, and small) and 3 color notations (NN155D, 163C, and 8D). Our result suggests that morphological characteristics of cauliflower mushroom can be affected by various environmental and genetic stimuli under artificial conditions such as crossbreed. Also this research showed genetic differences among breeding isolates and their morphological characteristics were correlated with the molecular data within parent and crossed strain.

Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi of the Republic of Korea. 7. Gymnopus sect. Androsacei

Four taxa of Gymnopus sect. Androsacei were recorded in the Republic of Korea. Three of them, Gymnopus asetosus, G. glabrocystidiatus and G. cremeostipitatus, are described as new species, and one new combination, Gymnopus funalis (Har. Takah.) Antonín, R. Ryoo & K.H. Ka is proposed. All species are described in detail and compared with similar taxa. A key to the identification of these Korean species is also provided.

New species and new records of Crinipellis from tropical and subtropical forests of the east coast of Mexico

Crinipellis brunneoaurantiaca, C. pallidibrunnea and C. rubella are described as new species and their taxonomic position is discussed. The two former were collected in subdeciduous tropical forest and the latter in the montane cloud forest, all from the east coast of Mexico (central Veracruz). Crinipellis podocarpi, C. pseudostipitaria var. mesites, C. setipes, recorded in montane cloud forest, and C. tucumanensis, collected in subdeciduous tropical forest, also are discussed. Detailed macro- and microscopic descriptions, illustrations of distinctive microscopic characters and plates are presented for each species.

New Cantharellus species from the Republic of Korea

In this first contribution on the genus Cantharellus in Korea, two new species are described. Cantharellus koreanus sp. nov. is extremely similar and closely related to the American C. appalachiensis, a species of subg. Parvocantharellus, while C. albovenosus sp. nov. is a new member of subg. Cinnabarinus and closely related to the Chinese C. phloginus. The new taxa are molecularly supported by phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the transcription elongation factor (TEF-1).

First Record of Mattirolomyces terfezioides and Tricholoma bakamatsutake in Korea

Mattirolomyces terfezioides and Tricholoma bakamatsutake, commercially important mycorrhizal mushrooms, were found for the first time in the forests of Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus mongolica of the Korean peninsula, respectively. Morphological and molecular characteristics were discussed in the paper. We have also given the Korean name to the fungi here.

Elicitor-induced β-glucan contents in fruit body of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia)

Abstract Strain KFRI 723 was used for the cultivation of fruit body to promote the production of β-glucan induced by the elicitor using physical stimulation in the superior cultivated fruit body. Three different elicitor treatments on the physical stimulation (UV, temperature, and harvest time) were treated on the primodia of fruit body. Elicitor controlled by UV light has an effect on the change of the β-glucan contents in flabellae and stipe of cauliflower mushroom, both parts have the highest concentration of β-glucan in strains irradiated by UV for 10 min: 41.36 ± 2.96% of flabellae and 42.16 ± 2.90% of stipe. Both flabellae and stipe represented β-glucan contents in order of low (10 ± 1 °C) - mid (21 ± 1 °C; control) - high temperature (25 ± 1 °C). In the different harvest time, the β-glucan contents of flabellae and stipe show high contents at 21st and 26th day and decreased since 31st day of harvesting.

Development and Molecular Characterization of Novel Polymorphic Genomic DNA SSR Markers in Lentinula edodes

Abstract Sixteen genomic DNA simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of Lentinula edodes were developed from 205 SSR motifs present in 46.1–Mb long L. edodes genome sequences. The number of alleles ranged from 3–14 and the major allele frequency was distributed from 0.17–0.96. The values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00–0.76 and 0.07–0.90, respectively. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.07–0.89. A dendrogram, based on 16 SSR markers clustered by the paired hierarchical clustering’ method, showed that 33 shiitake cultivars could be divided into three major groups and successfully identified. These SSR markers will contribute to the efficient breeding of this species by providing diversity in shiitake varieties. Furthermore, the genomic information covered by the markers can provide a valuable resource for genetic linkage map construction, molecular mapping, and marker–assisted selection in the shiitake mushroom.

The mycelial growth and ligninolytic enzyme activity of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia)

ABSTRACT We examined the activities of lignin-degrading enzymes of the mycelium of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia). Three different strains of S. latifolia collected from several sites in Korea and one crossbred strain were cultured on potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Kirks medium in order to study the activities of their ligninolytic enzymes. Mycelial growth reached maximum levels between 14 and 21 days after inoculation and pH increased by 0.12 units over 35 days. Laccase activity began increasing after 14 days on both types of media. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity followed a trend similar to that of laccase on Kirks medium, but not on PDB. The activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP) differed from that of other enzymes; its activity decreased by half after 14 days on PDB but remained constant on Kirks medium over 35 days. The total protein concentration increased considerably after 14 days and peaked at 21 days on PDB. A similar maximum was attained on Kirks medium. In contrast, the residual glucose increased rapidly at 14 days on Kirks medium, while increasing gradually up to 28 days on PDB. This study indicates that S. latifolia is more similar to white rot fungi than to other brown rot fungi.