Ricardo B. Corso

Spontaneous rupture of a right atrial angiosarcoma and cardiac tamponade

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare disease of difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis frequently associated with recurring hemopericardium. We report the case of a 30-year-old female with a right atrial angiosarcoma and spontaneous rupture to the pericardial cavity, who was diagnosed during an emergency exploratory thoracotomy, whose indication was cardiac tamponade. This is the 8th case reported in the literature. Clinical findings are discussed and a literature review is provided.

Results of the establishment of an organizational model in a cardiovascular surgery service

OBJECTIVE Increasing complexity of patients referred to cardiac surgery demands more effective heart centers, in order to maintain the same quality. The aim of this study is to examine the short-term effect of adoption of an organizational model on surgical outcomes. METHODS From January 2006 to June 2007, 367 consecutive adult patients underwent cardiovascular surgery. Pre-, intra- and postoperative data were prospectively collected and transferred to an institutional database. Organizational model was established in August 2006, and based on integrated multiprofessional team work patient-centered, evidence-based medicine with standardized patient care and personal conflict management. The outcomes studied were hospital mortality and combined adverse events (death, stroke, acute myocardial infarction and acute renal failure), by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS After establishment of such model, there was reduction of hospital mortality (from 12% to 3.6%, relative risk= 0.3; P=0.003) and combined events (from 22% to 15%, relative risk=0.68; P=0.11). Operations performed previously to the model were independently associated with higher mortality (OR=2.5; P=0.04), adjusted to preoperative characteristics and Euroscore risk stratification system. Other predictors of mortality were age > 65 years (OR=6.36; 95%CI 2.57 - 17.21; P<0.0001) and cardiopulmonary bypass time > 145 minutes (OR=8.57; 95%CI 3.55 - 21.99; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Marked improvements in surgical outcomes depend on development of cardiac surgery centers based on organizational models similar to the model proposed in this study.

Emprego do suporte cardiopulmonar com bomba centrífuga e oxigenador de membrana em cirurgia cardiovascular pediátrica

BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a well-documented resuscitation method in patients with severe hemodynamic and/or respiratory impairment. OBJECTIVE To describe several aspects related to the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a pediatric heart center and determine its immediate and late outcomes. METHODS Between October 2005 and January 2007, 10 patients who were submitted to pediatric cardiac surgery underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implant. Median age was 58.5 days (40% neonates) and median body weight was 3.9 kg. Circulatory assistance was initiated aiming at the recovery and the weaning protocols followed daily clinical and echocardiographic criteria. Support was discontinued when transplant was contraindicated, when the patient was unable to recover or when survival was considered to be limited by a multidisciplinary team. RESULTS Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was employed after corrective or palliative heart surgery in 80% and preoperatively in the remaining ones. It was most often indicated for irresponsive hemodynamic instability (40%), post-cardiotomy shock (20%) and post-cardiac arrest (20%). The mean duration on support was 58 +/- 37 hours. Weaning was successfully in 50% of the cases and 30% were discharged home. Actuarial survival was 40%, 30% and 20% at 30 days, 3 months and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an effective and useful tool for the resuscitation of patients presenting severe hemodynamic and/or respiratory failure in the perioperative period of pediatric cardiovascular surgery.

Artéria radial na ampliaçäo do uso de enxertos arteriais para revascularizaçäo do miocárdio: consideraçöes anatômicas e tática cirúrgica

The aim of our study is to determine the microscopical anatomy imunohistochemistry and electronical scanning analysis of the radial artery (RA); 269 patients underwent myocardial revascularization with a RA graft were studied, performing 319 RA anatomoses; 80.7% patients were male and 93.7% Caucasians. The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was used in 246 patients at the present surgery and 17 LITA were used before (redo-operation), performing 97.8%. LITA conduits employed altogether. The patients received another additional conduits: 59 (21.9%) right internal thoracic arteries (RITA); 17 (6.3%) right gastroepiploic arteries (RGEA); 161 (59.8%) saphenous vein grafts. An average of 3.4 anastomoses/patient were constructed. There was no post-operative complications such as ischemia or infection envolving the hand with interruption of the RA supply. The RA immunohistochemistry and electronical scanning microscopy showed that the internal elastic layer is developed and the media layer presented muscular fibers sheafs surrounded by collagen fibers more than elastic fibers. The post-operative complications include respiratory distress (21 -7.8%), atrial fibrillation (21 -7.8%), and enzymatic or electrocardiographic signs (12-4.5%) of acute myocardial infarction. Six (2.2%) patients needed mechanical support with intraortic balloon pump. Early angiographic controls have been performed in 21 patients. One patient developed RA dissection during the angiographic study; in all other patients the RA patency was 100%. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 2.2% (6 patients). Recently, different arrangements of the arterial grafts were adopted to achieve a more complete myocardial revascularization. The RA are frequently employed to sequential anastomosis with the inferior and lateral left ventricular coronaries. The RA proximal anastomosis is often performed with the LITA. Both the RGEA and the RITA are used as complementar arterial grafts. From 64 patients submitted to myocardial revascularization with RA last 3 months, 2 arterial conduits were performed in 62 (96.9%) patients, 3 arterial conduits were performed in 27 (42.2%) patients and 4 or 5 arterial conduits were performed in 8 (12.5%). Although the pedicled internal thoracic artery graft remains the primary arterial conduit for myocardial revascularization, the radial artery is an excellent additional bypass conduit.

Aneurisma luético de arco aórtico roto, complicado pela oclusão de vasos braquiocefálicos e acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico: relato de caso tratado cirurgicamente

A case of a 44 years old man with chronic chest pain since one year and two episodes of stroke, secondary to a giant ruptured syphilitic aortic arch aneurysm and left carotid and left subclavian arteries occlusion, is reported. The patient has been successfully operated through a median sternotomy and antegrade selective cerebral and distal corporeal continuous perfusion. Technical details of the total surgical correction performed and bibliographic review, concerning different aspects of tertiary syphilitic cardiovascular compromise are discussed.

Recurrent Ventricular Arrhythmia After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Treated With Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

A 63-year-old diabetic woman was emergently submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Recurrent, drug-refractory episodes of ventricular arrhythmia occurred for 2 weeks postoperatively, despite no documentation of ongoing myocardial ischemia and optimum medical treatment. Ventricular arrhythmia was initiated by premature ventricular contractions originating from the Purkinje system within the infarct border zone. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed at sites where Purkinje potentials were recorded, leading to arrhythmia cessation. A week later, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was inserted and she was discharged home a few days later. At 15-month follow-up, there were no further episodes of arrhythmia and ventricular function had improved.

Axillary artery in cardiopulmonary bypass: indications and results

OBJECTIVES To determine indications and results of axillary artery cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS From January 2005 through December 2008, axillary artery cannulation was used in 48 patients. Mean age was 62 +/- 11 years and 33 (69%) patients were males. Axillary artery was approached by infraclavicular incision and the cannula introduced in a 8 millimeter Dacron side graft. RESULTS Indications were calcified aorta (N=18, 38%), aortic dissection (N=15, 31%), ascending and/or aortic arch aneurysm (N=11, 23%) and prior to reoperative median sternotomy (N=4, 8%). Changes in intraoperative planning occurred most often in patients with calcified aorta (100% versus 10%, P<0.0001) than in patients with other indications, which follow their preoperative plan. Cardiopulmonary bypass (deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in 55% and conventional in the remaining) was uneventfully conducted in all patients but one (success rate 98%) due to undiagnosed inominate artery stenosis. Local complication was lymphatic drainage in three (6.2%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Axillary artery is an alternative cannulation site in patients unsuitable to aortic cannulation. The type of indication may determine intraoperative changes in surgical planning.

Involução de artérias colaterais aneurismáticas após a correção da coarctação da aorta

Resumo Paciente de 47 anos de idade, com diagnostico de coarctacao da aorta, foi submetido ao implante de tubo extra-anatomico por toracotomia esquerda. Dez anos apos o procedimento, o paciente retorna com hipertensao arterial de dificil controle relacionada a coarctacao da aorta residual, obstrucao do tubo e multiplos aneurismas de arterias colaterais entre a arteria subclavia e a aorta. O paciente foi submetido entao a correcao extra-anatomica entre a aorta ascendente e a descendente por esternotomia mediana, com auxilio de circulacao extracorporea convencional. Sua recuperacao pos-operatoria foi boa, e houve involucao completa de todas as arterias colaterais aneurismaticas apos a operacao.

Revascularização do miocárdio com enxerto livre de artéria radial: experiência inicial

Twenty patients underwent myocardial revascularization with a radial artery (RA) between May and November 1996. The mean age was 57.1 years (35 to 69) and 16 patients (80%) were male. Midsternotomy, extracorporeal circulation and antegrade blood cardioplegia were always used. A total of 64 grafts, 3.2 per patient (2 to 5), were performed: in 9 patients (45%) to the diagonal branch, in 6 (30%) to the obtuse marginal branch, in 4 (20%) to the right coronary artery and 1(5%) to the left anterior descending artery. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was also used in every patient, the right IMA in 7 (35%) and additional saphenous vein grafts in another 13 (65%). Calcium channel blockers were used orally to prevent RA spasm. There were no hospital deaths nor during follow up of 10 months. Seventeen immediate coronary angiographies have been performed. RA grafts were patent in 16 (94.1%). There was no ischemic sequelae of the superior limb secondary to graft harvesting. Our results are similar to many other recent published series, and no morbidity or mortality increase has been noticed with RA used for Coronary artery bypass grafting.

Cirurgia conservadora da valva tricúspide na endocardite infecciosa

Valve replacement and excision without using a prosthesis are the two mostfrequently used surgical techniques for the treatment of infective endocarditis of the tricuspid valve. Conservative operation with preservation of the native valve and resection of the infected tissue is a more recent approach, which is becoming the procedure of choice whenever feasible, specialy in intravenous drug abusers. Two cases of tricuspid valve reconstruction with good results are reported. One of the patients has also been aorto coronary bypassed at the same operation time.