Ricardo D.M. Pimenta

Cyclohexane as a Probe to Nickel Vanadium Interaction in FCC Catalysts

Abstract Nickel and vanadium were responsible for a great number of deactivation problems in the FCC. To understand their mutual influences, the metals were introduced by incipient wetness impregnation of organometallic compounds onto a highly dealuminated zeolite that had a constant lattice similar to the equilibrium FCC catalyst. Catalyst tests, TPR, DRS and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the samples. After calcination, the acid sites of the zeolite were poisoned by vanadium without damage to the Crystallinity. Water vapor and high temperature treatment on vanadium/zeolite samples leads to a severe damage of the zeolite framework. The presence of nickel slightly attenuated this problem. The amount of benzene formed was affected by the Ni/V ratio.

Chapter 11 Equilibrium FCC catalyst performance simulation based on mixtures of hydrothermal deactivated samples

Abstract This paper proposes a simple methodology for simulation of equilibrium FCC catalyst (e-cat) performance, employing techniques such as metal impregnation followed by hydrothermal deactivation and laboratory catalyst evaluation. The laboratory evaluation of samples deactivated under different conditions including the e-cat were used in an optimization algorithm, to determine the mixture that best mi overall e-cat performance in terms of activity and main product yields. The proposed methodology may be used in order to establish a specific deactivation protocol for any particular FCC unit.