Ricardo Luis Teles de Carvalho

Wood-burning stoves worldwide: technology, innovation and policy

The combustion of solid-fuels for heating and cooking in traditional fireplaces and stoves remains as the most popular residential energy system for 40% of the world population. Among the major contributors to air pollution, the World Health Organization considers it the largest global environmental health risk. Research stressed the need to increase the performance of conventional interplays between users, stoves and buildings. This scientific review aims to characterize the performance and environmental effects of 9 wood-burning stove categories by installations worldwide. This investigation shows that the efficiency of new heating stoves tends to be higher than 80% (45% for cookstoves) when fuel loads are adjusted to heating requirements. The adoption of air-tight installations can reduce wood consumption by more than 50% when compared with fireplaces. Fine particulate matter emissions from wood combustion can be reduced by more than 30% when switching from appliances using a manual control of combustion air inlets to automate systems that optimize air-staging to values below 150 mg/MJ-del. The mitigation of household air pollution in areas with limited access to modern fuels requires information campaigns to tackle the new air quality standards. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the performance of advanced stoves during daily-life practices.

ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY: PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS PM10 AND PM2.5 IN AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN FORTALEZA (CEARÁ, BRAZIL)

The indoor air pollution can pose risks to the human health much larger than the air outside because about 90 % of people’s time is spent indoors. This paper aims to study the concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and MP2.5) within the Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology of Ceara (Brazil), in Fortaleza campus, aiming to meet the levels at which students and employees are exposed daily to these pollutants. We used the particle counter Aerosol Mass MeOne 831 ® to obtain the data of concentration of particulate matter PM10 and MP2.5 in five environments IFCE : 2 reception rooms ( P1 and P2 ) ; 2 classrooms ( P3 and P5 ) and 1 lab ( P4 ) . Were analyzed daily and continuously (every minute) concentrations of particulate material. The daily concentrations of ambient attended the Brazilian ANVISA standard for PM10 of 80 μg/m3, and international WHO PM25, of 25μg/m3. In analysis in continuous some high concentrations were found, especially in the reception rooms (P1 and P2). Were observed very high concentrations in P4 (Lab) during cleaning (> 600 μg/m3).