Ricardo Peralta-Fabi

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FUZZY FILTER IN COLOR VIDEO SEQUENCE DENOISING IMPLEMENTED ON DSP

In this paper, we present a Fuzzy 3D filter for color video sequences to suppress impulsive noise. The difference between the designed algorithm in comparison with other state- of-the-art algorithms consists of employing the three RGB bands of the video sequence data and analyzing the fuzzy gradients values obtained in eight directions, finally processing two temporal neighboring frames together. The simulation results have confirmed sufficiently better performance of the novel 3D filter both in terms of objective metrics (PSNR, MAE, NCD, SSIM) as well as in subjective perception via human vision in the color sequences. An efficiency analysis of the designed and other promising filters have been performed on the DSP TMS320DM642 by Texas InstrumentsTM through MATLAB’s SimulinkTM module, showing that the 3D filter can be used in real-time processing applications.

Image super resolution using interpolation and edge extraction in wavelet transform space

A novel approach in image enhancement is proposed. In contrast to other state-of-art algorithms, the designed technique is based on additional edges preservation procedure and mutual interpolation between the high frequency (HF) sub-band image performed via the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the input low resolution (LR) image. Finally, all sub-band images are combined to generate a new high-resolution (HR) image via Inverse DWT (IDWT). Numerous simulation results confirm that novel super resolution framework performs well in terms of objective criteria (PSNR, MAE and SSIM) and the more subjective measure of human vision in the different images, improving resolution sufficiently better than do existing methods.

Image segmentation in wavelet transform space implemented on DSP

A novel approach in the segmentation for the images of different nature employing the feature extraction in WT space before the segmentation process is presented. The designed frameworks (W-FCM, W-CPSFCM and WK-Means) according to AUC analysis have demonstrated better performance novel frameworks against other algorithms existing in literature during numerous simulation experiments with synthetic and dermoscopic images. The novel W-CPSFCM algorithm estimates a number of clusters in automatic mode without the intervention of a specialist. The implementation of the proposed segmentation algorithms on the Texas Instruments DSP TMS320DM642 demonstrates possible real time processing mode for images of different nature.

Bus development for a multitask engineering test satellite: SATEX

Multitask bus for small satellites is being developed at the University of Mexico (UNAM) for the conduction of LEO communications, remote sensing, and astronomical missions. The first prototype, SATEX-1, to be launched by Ariane in mid 1994, is a 50 Kg engineering test satellite with a primary communications payload and a CCD camera for low resolution imaging, as a secondary payload. SATEX-1 has been under design and development for several years and will be constructed by several research institutions, under finance from the Ministry of Communications (SCT/IMC). The structure is made of hybrid materials, including light aluminum alloys and composites. It has a three axis stabilization system. Attitude detection is realized by means of several sun and earth sensors. Electrical power is collected by two solar panels that are stowed for take-off, and deployed after separation. Thermal design is based mostly on passive components including radiators, shielding and orientation, but flat heaters are used in several places. Solid-state temperature sensors are used throughout the s/c to test and calibrate thermal models.

Detection and recognition of targets by using signal polarization properties

The quality of radar target recognition can be enhanced by exploiting its polarization signatures. A specialized X-band polarimetric radar was used for target recognition in experimental investigations. The following polarization characteristics connected to the object geometrical properties were investigated: the amplitudes of the polarization matrix elements; an anisotropy coefficient; depolarization coefficient; asymmetry coefficient; the energy of a backscattering signal; object shape factor. A large quantity of polarimetric radar data was measured and processed to form a database of different object and different weather conditions. The histograms of polarization signatures were approximated by a Nakagami distribution, then used for real- time target recognition. The Neyman-Pearson criterion was used for the target detection, and the criterion of the maximum of a posterior probability was used for recognition problem. Some results of experimental verification of pattern recognition and detection of objects with different electrophysical and geometrical characteristics urban in clutter are presented in this paper.

Infrared line scanner digital system

The digital aerial thermographic imagery system including line scanner in spectral band from 8 to 13 micrometers and personal computer with special software is presented. This system can be used in remote sensing (RS) investigations from both air and spaceborne platforms. The main advantages of this system are: the possibilities to register 1024 X 1024 pixels image and filter it in real time during the flight. Small size, reduced power and lower life cycle are critical decision elements for aerial vehicle environment. Different airborne RS investigations have shown the efficiency of the proposed system. 13

Nonlinear order-statistic filters for image processing and restoration algorithms

Interactive analysis of massive data sets acquired by different remote sensors (RS) in microwave (MW), infrared (IR), and visible (V) bands requires special methods and algorithms. Different kind of noises and inaccuracies can deteriorate input data and give rise to considerable errors when an illposed inverse problem is solved. We are further developing a processing system to analyze multitemporal and multispectral images of different objects. The main advantages of this system are: the possibilities to restore 2D multispectral (multitemporal) images, and to find the highest correlation regions on an image produced by different sensors (MW: dm, cm, mm, SAR and non SAR; IR and V and oth) as well as the use of the new robust order-statistic filtering procedures proposed. Different RS problems have been investigated: rural or vegetation covered areas sensed by MW airborne sensors; forest fire areas, industrial plants in the night, electrical power elements (IR and V airborne sensors). Numerical simulation and experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed restoration and order-statistic filtering techniques.

Theoretical modelling of active and passive microwave surface parameters in remote sensing.

The determination of the optimum experimental conditions to produce the best qualitative results is necessary both in active and passive microwave remote sensing (RS). In this paper we show the decision process involved in solving two problems connected with the selection of the best conditions for earth surface microwave RS: Calculation of the statistical relationship between scattered and proper surface radiation data for different kinds of surface sensed. Determination of the optimal algorithms and boundary accuracies for surface parameters by active and passive microwave sensors. Optimal estimation algorithms for surface parameters (dielectric permittivity, thermodynamical temperature, surface slop, spectral spatial components of rough surface height, etc.) have been found by a maximum likelihood function method. The results found can help to plan RS microwave experiments of surface parameter estimation with predicted accuracies.

Development of a digital videogrammetric airborne system

A system to conduct airborne remote sensing campaigns by means of CCD cameras and associated navigation and positioning equipment is presented. The system is under further development at the University of Mexico, but has been tested in several missions to evaluate its functional characteristics. The paper describes the various components of the system, such as cameras, aircraft mounting, pointing subsystem, GPS, location of view axis, real time monitoring and enhancement of ground details, as well as spectral filters and bands utilized, the interaction between obtained images, attitude data and a geographic information system for mosaic reconstruction, pilot navigation aids, and test polygons. The operation of the system has been demonstrated to be highly economical, reliable and relatively simple to use. It can also be fitted to various types of aircraft and helicopters, and may be used to conduct many types of missions such as: crop discrimination and mapping, urban settlement studies, land use charts, soil erosion evaluation, forest health, urban thermal island characterization, plant disease studies, and many more. A description of the flow of information from image capture to paper map is included, together with the methodology necessary to derive, from the images obtained, a multimedia system that handles a georeferenced data base for consultation by personnel of diverse backgrounds.

CCD image acquisition for multispectral teledetection

A low cost high-reliability multispectral video system has been developed for airborne remote sensing. Three low weight CCD cameras are mounted together with a photographic camera in a keviar composite self-contained structure. The CCD cameras are remotely controlled have spectral filters (80 nm at 50 T) placed in front of their optical system and all cameras are aligned to capture the same image field. Filters may be changed so as to adjust spectral bands according to the object s reflectance properties but a set of bands common to most remote sensing aircraft and satellites are usually placed covering visible and near JR. This paper presents results obtained with this system and some comparisons as to the cost resolution and atmospheric correction advantages with respect to other more costly devices. Also a brief description of the Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) project where the camera system will be mounted is given. The images so obtained replace the costlier ones obtained by satellites in severai specific applications. Other applications under development include fire monitoring identification of vegetation in the field and in the laboratory discrimination of objects by color for industrial applications and for geological and engineering surveys. 1.