Ricardo Uras

Lente de contato de material híbrido em pacientes com ceratocone e astigmatismo miópico composto

PURPOSE To evaluate comfort and visual performance in relation to two different used contact lens types: hybrid material (HM) and rigid-gas-permeable (RGP), in patients with regular myopic astigmatism and with keratoconus. METHODS A randomized, double masked, prospective study of 22 patients with the diagnosis of myopic astigmatism (8 with myopic astigmatism and 14 with keratoconus) was conducted. Fifteen patients were female and 7 were male, and mean age was: 32.13 +/- 8.12 years. In one of the eyes a rigid-gas-permeable contact lens was adapted (DK 30), and in the other a hybrid material contact lens was adapted (DK 23). All patients were submitted to the following tests: measurement of comfort level by means of the analogical visual scale, tear break-up time, best corrected visual acuity with the Bailey-Lovie scale adapted for 4 meters, functional acuity contrast test (FACT) and wavefront analysis. RESULTS In relation to comfort, there was no association with the evaluated contact lens type (p=0.350). There was a variation in comfort level during the first 7 days. The visual acuity increased between the 7th and the 15th day of adaptation. Visual acuity stabilized right after this period. The visual acuity did not show differences in relation to the studied lens type. It was verified that there was no difference in the tear break-up time (p=0.989) in relation to the studied lenses type and there was a decrease in the tear break-up time (p=0.001) when we compared the measurement before the use of the lenses and 2 months after their use. There was no difference in contrast sensitivity in the used lens type and between each type and the use of glasses (p<0.047). High order aberrations decreased significantly when comparing patients with and without contact lenses, except for spherical and coma aberrations (p=0.394). CONCLUSION Comfort and visual performance when comparing hybrid material and rigid-gas-permeable contact lenses did not show any significant difference in the patients or when compared separately in regular myopic astigmatism and in keratoconus patients.

Comparação da função visual e do índice de qualidade de vida com uso de óculos ou de lente de contato progressiva

OBJETIVO: Comparar a funcao visual e a resposta dos pacientes ao indice de qualidade de vida quando estes sao corrigidos com oculos com lentes progressivas ou lente de contato progressiva. METODOS: Foram selecionados 35 pacientes presbitas, usuarios de oculos com acuidade visual igual, ou melhor, a logMAR zero (longe) e J1 (perto), para adaptarem a lente de contato Focus Progressive®. Foram comparadas medidas de acuidade visual para longe, perto e sensibilidade ao contraste com a lente de contato e com os oculos. Os resultados do questionario de avaliacao de qualidade de vida NEI VFQ-25 dos mesmos pacientes corrigidos com os oculos e com a lente de contato progressiva foram comparados, levando-se em consideracao o tipo de ametropia e a idade. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual para longe, perto e a sensibilidade ao contraste foram significantemente piores com lente de contato progressiva do que com os oculos. As respostas do questionario nao diferiram quanto a forma de correcao quando se analisou o tipo de ametropia, entretanto foram significantemente piores com a lente de contato nos grupos miope e hipermetrope abaixo das suas respectivas medianas da idade e maiores no hipermetrope acima de sua mediana. CONCLUSAO: As funcoes visuais foram significantemente piores com a lente de contato e o tipo de ametropia nao influenciou nas respostas ao indice de qualidade de vida quanto a forma de correcao, mas sim, quanto a idade.

Ceratocone: fatores prognósticos

PURPOSE To study keratoconus disease carrier patients in an age range under the usual one and try to detect any factor which can influence in disease evolution and prognosis. METHODS Patients under 15 years old with a keratoconus diagnosis where analyzed. All of them answered a questionnaire, and were submitted to ocular examination and also computerized keratoscopy. These patients were divided into three groups and went through a contact lens test: 1) it was possible for this group to adapt to contact lenses; 2) a cornea transplant for this group was recommended; 3) for this group it was suggested that they use glasses. RESULTS Patients who had 20/40 or greater visual acuity usually did not progress to transplant in the studied period. On the other hand, patients who had 20/60 or less acuity, progress to a deep transplant very quickly. Other cases, related to a lower age range (10-15 years old) progressed to a transplant. We can observe that the cornea apex has a very unsteady location, which explains the different difficulty levels regarding adaptation to contact lenses. In all patients who had a superior out of place apex and values greater than 66 D adaptation was successful. In the central apex eyes the adaptation was easier. In the inferior apex eyes it was not possible to set a standard to indicate the person for surgery. In the eyes which were adapted to the contact lenses and whose curvature was smaller than 51.10 D there were fewer chances of evolution to a cornea transplant, on comparison with patients who had a curvature of 57.60 or even greater. CONCLUSION Patients who have curvatures greater than 57.40, acuity lower than 20/60 and are under 18 years old have more chances to evolve to a cornea transplant. When the keratocone apex is central the contact lens adaptation becomes easier.PURPOSE: To study keratoconus disease carrier patients in an age range under the usual one and try to detect any factor which can influence in disease evolution and prognosis. METHODS: Patients under 15 years old with a keratoconus diagnosis where analyzed. All of them answered a questionnaire, and were submitted to ocular examination and also computerized ceratoscopy. These patients were divided into three groups and went through a contact lens test: 1) it was possible for this group to adapt to contact lenses; 2) a cornea transplant for this group was recommended; 3) for this group it was suggested that they use glasses. RESULTS: Patients who had 20/40 or greater visual acuity usually did not progress to transplant in the studied period. On the other hand, patients who had 20/60 or less acuity, progress to a deep transplant very quickly. Other cases, related to a lower age range (10-15 years old) pregressed to a transplant. We can observe that the cornea apex has a very unsteady location, which explains the different difficulty levels regarding adaptation to contact lenses. In all patients who had a superior out of place apex and values greater than 66 D adaptation was successful. In the central apex eyes the adaptation was easier. In the inferior apex eyes it was not possible to set a standard to indicate the person for surgery. In the eyes which were adapted to the contact lenses and whose curvature was smaller than 51.10 D there were fewer chances of evolution to a cornea transplant, on comparison with patients who had a curvature of 57.60 or even greater. CONCLUSION: Patients who have curvatures greater than 57.40, acuity lower than 20/60 and are under 18 years old have more chances to evolve to a cornea transplant. When the ceratocone apex is central the contact lens adaptation becomes easier.

Avaliação de Sistema de Leitura Portátil (SLP) para baixa visão desenvolvido no Brasil

PURPOSE: The proposal of this study is to test and to validate as the effectiveness and efficiency in a series of cases the prototype of a national equipment of magnification to reading. METHODS: A recently developed of equipment of magnification (patent pending Brazilian Institutte of Industrial Property # 020050145260) was tested in a group of 30 patients (age range 9 to 80 years, 17 males). A portable apparatus was developed with a system of capture of images coupled with a 5,6 inch monitor, providing an increase of 15 X. The effectiveness of the visual acuity and the reading efficiency were analyzed after the use of the proposed prototype. RESULTS: Six patients (20%) presented AV 8M, 12 patients (40%) presented AV 6,0M, 7 patients (23.3%) presented AV 5M, 5 patients (16.7%) presented 4M. The average of visual acuity before the utilization of SPR measured by LHNV-1 logMAR chart was 5,75M. After the use of LHNV-1 logMAR chart, 100% (one hundred percent) of the patients reached the efficacy of AV J1. CONCLUSION: The prototype of SPR is an alternative resource in the social inclusion process of low vision patients with different levels of visual residue. It demonstrates psychological incentive, allows comfort, mobility and independence to those who need a more extended lecture and more distance of work.

Temas de Refraçäo

Temas de refracao quase sempre sao considerados como faceis e tomados com certa indiferenca, aparecendo pouco em eventos de nossa especialidade e menos ainda como material de leitura. Isto, porem, representa um grave engano, pois o estudo refratometrico, exatamente por ser muito frequentemente aplicado na rotina oftalmologica, contem varios pontos que merecem relembrancas e uma atencao especial. Alguns desses topicos sao agora revistos, nesse artigo de atualizacao