Ricardo Valcarcel

Padrões de precipitação e índices de erosividade para as chuvas de Seropédica e Nova Friburgo, RJ

This work was carried out in order to calculate the different storm patterns, the rainfall erosivity index (EI30 and KE > 25) and adjust them with the monthly precipitation data for Seropedica and Nova Friburgo, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the advanced pattern is the most common in these regions, corresponding to 61% in Seropedica and 58% in Nova Friburgo, of the total number of analyzed storms. The percentages of intermediate and delayed patterns were, respectively, 24 and 15%, for Seropedica and 24 and 18% for Nova Friburgo. The annual mean values of EI30 were 5,472.5 and 5,431.2 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 for Seropedica and Nova Friburgo, respectively. For the KE > 25 index, the annual mean values were 76.8 and 83.5 MJ ha-1 for Seropedica and Nova Friburgo, respectively.

Fauna de formigas como ferramenta para monitoramento de área de mineração reabilitada na Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ.

Ant species richness and diversity may be increased in more complex habitats because they provide more niches and diverse ways of exploiting the environmental resources. Because of the connection between the organisms and habitat characteristics, ants have been used as tools for environmental monitoring of disturbed areas. In this study the structure of the ant community was investigated in plots with different management strategies for the rehabilitation of a mined area at Ilha da Madeira, Itaguai, RJ, Brazil. A different and richer ant fauna was found in plots with more native tree species than in plots with a low number of tree species or without conservationist management.

Influence of pioneer-species combinations on restoration of disturbed ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The analysis of species composition and its effects on sustainability restoration processes in the Atlantic Forest with poor environmental attributes is important to improve rehabilitation techniques for disturbed ecosystems. Reforestation projects were used as Biological Measures (BM) of rehabilitation, where treatments differ in the composition of exotic species, utilized as anthropic pioneers: BM1 - 82% (73% Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth, 9% Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.); BM2 - 91% (9%, 82%); and BM3 - 25% (15%, 10%). The monitoring of spontaneous regeneration was evaluated in three 12-year-old reforestation sites between thr rainy season of 2004 and 2005, and compared with an approximately 100-year-old native forest fragment and a grassland: ecosystems with inertial tendency toward recuperation and degradation, respectively . It was detected that exotic species used as anthropic pioneers strongly influenced regeneration: BM1 (75%), BM2 (85%), BM3 (55%), Forest (0%) and Grassland (50%). The highest similarity of species with forest regeneration (5%) was found for treatment BM3.

Estratificação e caracterização ambiental da área de preservação permanente do Rio Guandu/RJ

RESUMO – O Rio Guandu e a principal fonte de abastecimento de agua da regiao metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, atendendo a, aproximadamente, nove milhoes de pessoas. Este trabalho estratificou e caracterizou ambientalmente a Area de Preservacao Permanente (APP) do Rio Guandu (faixa marginal de 100m), atraves da analise de aerofotos digitais nao convencionais, obtidas a partir de uma câmera digital de pequeno formato, adaptada a um helicoptero (as aerofotos foram agrupadas em mosaicos para facilitar as etapas do geoprocessamento). A regiao correspondente a APP foi estratificada em quatro ambientes com caracteristicas ecologicas distintas: Ambiente 1 (leito encaixado), Ambiente 2 (varzea fluvial), Ambiente 3 (planicie aluvionar) e Ambiente 4 (fluviomarinho). A partir da sobreposicao dos mapas de uso da terra, da proximidade da area urbano-industrial e da vegetacao nativa, foi gerado um mapa do grau de degradacao dos ambientes. Os usos predominantes foram pastagem (38%) e agricultura (18%). Os fragmentos florestais totalizaram apenas 11,6% da APP. Segundo a metodologia utilizada, o Ambiente 4 apresentou 51% de sua area, com um grau alto a muito alto de degradacao, e o Ambiente 3 apresentou melhor estado de conservacao em comparacao aos demais. Os resultados sugeriram que a predominância das atividades agropecuarias, a proximidade de grandes centros urbanos e a area muito reduzida dos fragmentos florestais na APP do Rio Guandu podem comprometer a qualidade desse manancial.

Avaliação da biomassa de raízes finas em área de empréstimo submetida a diferentes composições de espécies

The behavior of root system in the process of soil construction in degraded areas varies among individuals, species and communities. To evaluate this behavior, a study was conducted in a region named Costa Verde, municipal district of Itaguai, State of Rio de Janeiro, using subsoil from a reclamation area with similar soil-climatic characteristics subjected to three different species compositions that can influence the ecosystem and soil construction. There was no difference for total fine root production at 30 cm depth, although the vegetation with the greatest functional and species diversity most contributed to ecosystem construction.

FATORES DO MEIO FÍSICO ASSOCIADOS AO ESTABELECIMENTO DE ESPÉCIES RÚSTICAS EM ECOSSISTEMAS PERTURBADOS NA MATA ATLÂNTICA, PIRAÍ, RJ - BRASIL

Disturbed ecosystems do not present original floristic composition. Their soils are depleted, shallow, stony, with low infiltration and present erosion with different levels of geodynamics. The study region has areas of pasture with sparse herbaceous vegetation which is weakened in every rain and fire, covering less ground. The individuals that colonized and settled in these environments were considered rustic species. This study raised and identified by census, the rustic species and their structure in the most degraded part (lower third) of the watershed of Cacaria’s river at the base of the Serra do Mar, Pirai, Rio de Janeiro state, and evaluated the influence of ecological exposure, slope, elevation, topography and rock outcrops in the establishment and growth of these species. For the vegetation survey it was conducted census in an area of 22 hectares, where it was measured, geo-referenced and identified all spontaneous tree species that were isolated in a

Horizontal structure and floristic composition of the shrubby-arboreal strata in forests planted to rehabilitate a degraded area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Rio do Janeiro

J. Farias dos Santos, C. Roppa, S.S. Holanda de Oliveira, and R. Valcarcel. 2011. Horizontal structure and floristic composition of the shrubby-arboreal strata on forests planted to rehabilitate a degraded area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Rio do Janeiro. Cien. Inv. Agr.

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA CHUVA OCULTA NA SERRA DO MAR, ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

The Montane Forest situated at the watersheds of Serra do Mar, state of Rio de Janeiro, presents environmental services that contribute for diverse segments of society, which demands water in quantity and with quality, as well as sustainable environments. Water vapor condensation at forest canopies is one of these services, as it contributes positively with hydrological water balance. It`s understanding can help the equation of solutions on sustainable environment planning, which motivated the study of horizontal interception (IH) on a Mountainous area in Nova Friburgo region. It was collected and analyzed data from total rainfall (PT), pluviometric rainfall (P), IH, internal precipitation (PI) e canopy interception (IC) during December 2003 to January 2004, at the windward slope of Serra do Mar, in Nova Friburgo. Values for total rainfall (PT) and horizontal interception (IH) corresponded to 786.23 mm and 68,71 mm, respectively. The lost from IC where of 25.46% and PT was 125.66% in relation to P, showing that IH influenced on the regional hydrological balance, constituting an important environmental service for ecosystem and population who depends on the watershed studied.

Characterization of spontaneous nuclei of Clidemia urceolata DC. in disturbed areas of the Atlantic Forest

Clidemia urceolata DC. is a pioneer species of the family Melastomataceae which colonizes spontaneously abandoned pastures. It forms nuclei of different sizes, where other species of advanced successional groups can be observed, constituting a facilitative species. The present study aimed to quantify and characterize the nuclei in the watershed of Barra Mansa river, Rio de Janeiro state (6.839 ha) (22 o 32’40’’ 22o 40’60’’S e 44 o 12’ 44o 06’20’’W), which is a tributary of Paraiba do Sul river. They were geographically referenced and characterized regarding to the size of Clidemia urceolata individuals (low: H <0,60 m; medium: 0,60 <H <1,20 m; and high: H ≥ 1,20m), densification (scattered, medium and dense), area of the nuclei (small: ≤ 500 m 2 ; medium: 500 to 2000 m 2 ; and large: ≥ 2000 m 2 ) and development stage (initial, intermediate and advanced). 26 nuclei were identified, adding up to 7,9 ha. There was the prevalence of nuclei with medium