Richard Apostle

Ocean Tracking Network Canada: A Network Approach to Addressing Critical Issues in Fisheries and Resource Management with Implications for Ocean Governance

Abstract The Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) Canada is an integrative seven-year research program initiated in 2010 with academic, government, and industry partners. The team makes use of novel biotelemetry (primarily acoustic telemetry curtains), biologging, and oceanographic technologies to better understand changing ocean dynamics and their impact on ocean ecosystems, animal movements, and ecology and the dynamics of marine animal populations, many of which are commercially important. The network is organized around three ocean arenas (i.e., the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific) where specific research projects will occur. However, all projects will contribute toward addressing a single unifying nationalscale question—what are the movements of continental shelf marine animals, how do these movements affect species interactions, and what are the consequences of environmental variability/change and human activities on these species’ distributions and abundance? Taxa that will be tracked include diadromous (e.g...

Segmented labour markets and the estimation of wage functions

This paper uses a stratified random sample of private sector employees to estimate wage equations for both the male labour market as a whole and six ‘segments’ of the labour market, segement which are defined with respect to the industry and size characteristics of the employing establishmen. Highly conventional results are obtained when wage equations are estimated for the male labour market as a whole, or within two segements, comprising almost half the survey population. However, one can reject conclusively the hypothesis that the same estimating equation is appropriate for modelling wage determination in all segments and if a ‘human capital’ (HK) model is, within segements, tested against more appropriate alternative hypotheses for wage determination using the Davidson and Mackinnon (1981) methodology for the testing of non-nested hypotheses, the conclusion is that one should reject the HK specification and not reject the alternative. It is therefore argued that the disaggregation of labour market dat...

The segmentation perspective as a middle-range conceptualization in sociology

This paper is an examination of the segmentation perspective which recently has be- come popular in sociology and economics. It discusses the contemporary roots of segmentation theory, empirically and ideologically, and identifies the central tenets underlying its diverse speci- fications. In characterizing the theory as a middle-range conceptualization, attention is drawn to both the connection to the sociological classics and the alternative research directions. Four cen- tral issues are seen as keys to the perspectives further development: level of operationalization, specification of segments, intersegment mobility, and generalizability.

Sustaining Atlantic Sturgeon: Stitching a Stronger Scientific and Governance Net

This research was supported by the Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) through a network project grant (NETGP #375118-08) from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) with additional support from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI, Project #13011), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC #871-2009-0001). The authors thank Andrew McMaster, Senior Policy Analyst, International Affairs Directorate, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, for his assistance and valuable comments. Any errors remain the authors’ responsibility. ∗ Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. ∗∗ Professor, Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada. ∗∗∗ Doctoral Student, Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. †Professor, Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada. ††M.Sc. Student, Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada. †††Assistant Professor and Canada Research Chair in Ecology of Coastal Environments, Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada. #M.Sc. Student, Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada. ##Professor and Canada Research Chair in Ocean Law and Governance, Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.

Deployment, Tracking, and Data Management: Technology and Science for a Global Ocean Tracking Network

In the last few decades our environment has been changing rapidly. Saving threatened and endangered marine species in the difficult “real world” of increasing human pressures, resource demands, and climate change impacts is likely to become one of the major challenges of the century. Yet the exact nature and extent of these changes are difficult to predict, given that information from beneath the sea surface is very limited. To better understand the marine physiological and biological environment, numerous large-scale projects were initiated in the last decade across the world aimed at tracking marine life and monitoring oceanographic changes. They include: the North East Pacific Time Series under Sea Network Experiments (NEPTUNE), Victoria Experimental Network under the Sea (VENUS), Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP), Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking (POST), Integrated Marine Observing

Economic Segmentation and Politics

Recent research, most of it American, has demonstrated the importance of segmentation theory for explanations of a wide array of social and economic phenomena. This paper attempts to extend this theoretical perspective by examining some of its implications for political orientations and relationships. As many segmentations proponents are aware, conventional liberal and Marxist theories have systematically underestimated the persistence of heterogeneous political structures and processes in advanced capitalist societies. Data gathered in the Maritime Providences in Canada show that at both the establishment and the worker level there are distinctive political effects attributable to location in particular economic segments. The increasing range of segmentation theory raises important questions for our dominant paradigms.

Closed–containment aquaculture in Atlantic Canada

This paper explores the development of a new type of aquaculture which is beginning to occupy a modest economic niche in contemporary food production. Just as open-cage production attracted considerable social science attention in the 1990s, closed-containment production is now being evaluated as a preferred alternative. Close-containment has been viewed as an approach which may, to some degree, address problems associated with the first wave of industrial aquaculture: disease, genetic modification, food waste and social externalities. As with the first wave of aquaculture development, the financial demands and energy requirements of this new system have restricted development to species which are suited to the new technologies, and command high enough market prices to justify their growth. Using information collected at four major, but different sites in Nova Scotia, this paper attempts to provide some initial comparative insights on an important new trend in contemporary aquaculture.

Tracking and Protecting Marine Species at Risk: Scientific Advances, Sea of Governance Challenges

The state of many marine species in the world’s oceans is increasingly gloomy. The northern cod stock off Newfoundland, once thought to be inexhaustible, is now listed as endangered by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), while wild salmon populations in the Bay of Fundy, once the joy of recreational and commercial fishers, are listed as endangered under Canada’s Species at Risk Act. In parts of the ocean, 90 per cent of the large predators, including tuna, swordfish, and marlins, have disappeared with direct linkages to overfishing. Some 28 per cent of assessed and non-data deficient shark species are considered globally at risk of extinction.

Sustaining American Eels: A Slippery Species for Science and Governance

Sustaining American Eels: A Slippery Species for Science and Governance Cecilia Engler-Palma a , David L. VanderZwaag a , Richard Apostle b , Martin Castonguay c , Julian J. Dodson d , Emma Feltes e , Charles Norchi f & Rachel White g a Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada b Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada c Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Fisheries and Oceans Canada , MontJoli , Canada d Departement de Biologie , Universite Laval , Laval , Quebec , Canada e Toronto , Canada f Center for Oceans and Coastal Law , University of Maine School of Law , Portland , Maine , USA g University of Maine School of Law , Portland , Maine , USA Published online: 16 Aug 2013.

Ocean Tracking and Marine Species Protection in Australia and Canada: Science, Technology, and Knowledge Brokering

ABSTRACT This article examines the promise and challenge of marine biotelemetry technologies, comparing the case of the Canadian Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) and the Australian Animal Tagging and Monitoring System (AATAMS). These technologies provide increased understanding of the marine environment and promise major advances in knowledge of species at risk. However, that utilization of marine biotelemetry raises challenges, including ensuring that knowledge obtained is translated into forms useful to and usable by decision makers. Knowledge brokering is a key to ensure that the advances seen in marine biotelemetry technologies lead to improved gover-nance of species at risk.