Richard J. Millard

Visual Imagery and Familiarity Ratings for 203 Sayings

Two attributes on which words have been widely scaled are imagery value and familiarity. One reason much memory research has used single words rather than more complex verbal material may be the ready availability of such scaled normative material. The purpose of this study was to provide a list of sentences that have been scaled on visual imagery and familiarity to facilitate the extension of memory research to more complex material. In this study, 203 sayings (e.g., Haste makes waste) were rated on 7-point scales for visual imagery (VI) by 51 students and for familiarity (F) by 50 students. The sayings are listed, with their individual means and standard deviations for VI and F. Also reported are the overall mean and standard deviation for VI and F, the correlation between VI and F, reliability data, and comparisons with studies that have scaled single words for VI and F. These ratings should help researchers extend verbal-learning and memory research beyond single words.

An investigation of the nomological network of social interest

Abstract This paper presents the results of three studies relating a composite measure of social interest to numerous variables within the nomological network of social interest. Study 1 found that social interest is positively related to sex-role femininity, androgyny, positive ambition, other-centered life goals, and, surprisingly, sex-role masculinity. Study 1 also found social interest negatively related to a narcissistic life goal, personality rigidity, and negative interpersonal behavior (Drivenness). Study 2 correlated social interest with the Personality Research Form and found, as expected, that social interest is correlated with the Affiliation and Nurturance scales. Unfortunately, social interest was not negatively related to Aggression. Finally, Study 3 provided generally positive support for the hypothesized relationships between social interest and several variables from the Life Styles Inventory (e.g., Humanism, Affiliation, etc.). Implications of the results for the construct validity of Adlerian social interest theory and current measurement of social interest are presented.

The Treatment of Industrial/Organizational Psychology in Introductory Psychology Textbooks.

consultee statements is one way to assess appropriateness of consultation responses. Although this method may be useful in experimental studies, it probably has limited usefulness in many classroom situations in which consultation skills are taught. Administration and rating of the videotaped segments are cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. The above limitations resulted in the decision by this writer and associates to begin development of paper and pencil measures that might be used instead of videotaped and audiotaped samples of behavior. The first instrument developed was the Consultation Situations Inventory (CSI) (Magee, Rectanus, & Randolph, 1982). This instrument was designed to measure recognition of critical elements in consultation situations. Each of the 35 items included in this instrument consists of either: (a) a brief consultant statement, followed by a brief consultee statement or (b) a brief consultee statement, followed by a brief consultant statement. Each item is followed by five multiple-choice answer possibilities that might describe critical elements in the consultantconsultee interaction situation. Only one answer is considered to be correct. Content validity for each item was established via three doctoral level judges. The test-retest reliability coefficient obtained for 25 graduate students untrained in consultation skills was .80. In a comparison of 25 graduate students untrained in consultation with 35 graduate students trained in consultation, mean Consultation Situation Inventory (CSI) scores were significantly higher for those trained (p<.001). The high degree of discrimination between the two groups provides some support for validity of the CSI. The chief limitation of the CSI is that it is designed to measure only recognition of critical elements in a consultation situation. It does not measure clinical judgment. Thus the first author has begun development of an instrument to measure both ability to recognize critical elements in a consultation situation and ability to make a clinical judqrnent as to what action should be taken by the consultant. This instrument, the Consultation Judgment Inventory (CJI) (Randolph, 1983) consists of 35 items in a five-item multiplechoice format. Items are similar to those on the CSI, except that the answer choices represent courses of action that might be taken by the consultant. It is presumed that clinical judgment, operationally defined in terms of courses of action to be taken by the consultant, involves a higher level of cognitive activity than mere recognition of critical elements in a consultation situation. Thus one might expect that the CJI would have a higher difficulty level than the CSI; specifically, subjects should score higher on the CSI than the CJI. In a recent study involving 26 graduate student subjects, subjects scored significantly higher on the CSI than the CJI (p<.05). Thus it appears that the CJI does have a higher difficulty level than the CSI. Further development of the CJI has been temporarily hampered by the lack of availability of a sufficient number of graduate student subjects. Although undergraduate psychology students are frequently utilized as subjects in instrument development studies, they would not be appropriate subjects in this instance because the CJI is designed as an instrument for use in graduate level consultation courses. Consequently, we are willing to furnish a copy of the CJI to

STRATEGIES FOR EVALUATING FIELD-PLACEMENT PROGRAMS

This investigation describes two studies that evaluated the influence of undergraduate field-placement programs, using treatment and no-treatment comparison groups who were pre- and posttested on measures of inter-and intra-personal as well as career attitudes. No consistent differences between groups were noted. The investigation pointed out the need for data-based studies and the promise of a skills-assessment approach for evaluating field-placement programs.

Sex-Role Orientation and Career Indecision

Summary In an examination of relationship of sex-role orientation to career indecision, 109 students responded to the Bern Sex-Role Inventory and the Career Decision Scale. An analysis of variance conducted with sex-role classification as one independent variable and gender as the other, revealed that androgynous individuals experienced less career indecision than the feminine and undifferentiated groups.

SEX OF RESEARCH SUBJECTS IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY JOURNALS

In 4 journals during 1978-1979, 65% of the studies sampled both males and females, 14% sampled males only, and 12% sampled females only. Subject sex was not reported in 9% of the studies.