Richard L. Arnowitt

Republication of: The dynamics of general relativity

This article—summarizing the authors’ then novel formulation of General Relativity—appeared as Chap. 7, pp. 227–264, in Gravitation: an introduction to current research, L. Witten, ed. (Wiley, New York, 1962), now long out of print. Intentionally unretouched, this republication as Golden Oldie is intended to provide contemporary accessibility to the flavor of the original ideas. Some typographical corrections have been made: footnote and page numbering have changed–but not section nor equation numbering, etc. Current institutional affiliations are encoded in: arnowitt@physics.tamu.edu, deser@brandeis.edu, misner@umd.edu.

Nonuniversal soft supersymmetry breaking and dark matter

An analysis is given of the effects of nonuniversal soft supersymmetry-breaking masses in the Higgs sector and in the third generation squark sector, and it is shown that they are highly coupled. Nonuniversality effects on dark matter event rates in neutralino-nucleus scattering are analyzed. It is found that the effects are maximal in the range m{sub {tilde {chi}}{sub 1}}{le}65 GeV where the relic density is governed by the Z and Higgs poles. In this range the minimum event rates can be increased or decreased by factors of {approximately}10 depending on the sign of nonuniversality. Above this range Landau pole effects arising from the heavy top quark mass tend to suppress the nonuniversality effects. The effect of more precise measurements of cosmological parameters on event rates, which is expected to occur in the next round of COBE-like satellite experiments, is also investigated. Implications for the analysis for dark matter searches are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Predictions in SU(5) supergravity grand unification with proton stability and relic density constraints.

It is shown that in the physically interesting domain of the parameter space of SU(5) supergravity grand unified theory, the Higgs-boson and Z poles dominate the annihilation of the lightest supersymmetric particle. Here the naive analyses on thermal averaging breaks down the formulas are derived which give a rigorous treatment over the poles. These results are then used to show that there exist significant domains in the parameter space where the constraints of proton stability and cosmology are simultaneously satisfied

Dark matter, muon g-2 and other accelerator constraints

We review the current status of the Brookhaven muon g - 2 experiment, and its effects on the SUSY parameter space when combined with dark matter relic density bounds, b->s\gamma and Higgs mass constraints. If the 3\sigma deviation of g - 2 from the Standard Model value is correct, these data constrain the mSUGRA parameter space strongly, i.e. 300 GeV s\gamma constraint) allowing for relatively light neutralinos, while non-universal Higgs H_2 mass can lead to new regions of allowed relic density where the detection cross sections can be increased by a factor of 10 or more.

Neutralino–proton cross sections in supergravity models

Abstract The neutralino–proton cross section is examined for supergravity models with R-parity invariance with universal and non-universal soft breaking. The region of parameter space that dark matter detectors are currently (or will be shortly) sensitive, i.e., (0.1−10)×10 −6 pb, is examined. For universal soft breaking (mSUGRA), detectors with sensitivity σ χ 1 0 −p ≥1×10 −6 pb will be able to sample parts of the parameter space for tan β≳25 . Current relic density bounds restrict m χ 1 0 ≤120 GeV for the maximum cross sections, which is below where astronomical uncertainties about the Milky Way are relevant. Nonuniversal soft breaking models can allow much larger cross sections and can sample the parameter space for tan β≳4 . In such models, m 0 can be quite large reducing the tension between proton decay bounds and dark matter analysis. We note the existence of two new domains where coannihilation effects can enter, i.e., for mSUGRA at large tan β , and for nonuniversal models with small tan β .

Dark Matter, Muon g-2 and Other SUSY Constraints

Recent developments constraining the SUSY parameter space are reviewed within the framework of SUGRA GUT models. The WMAP data is seen to reduce the error in the density of cold dark matter by about a factor of four, implying that the lightest stau is only 5–10 GeV heavier than the lightest neutralino when m 0, m 1/2 < 1 TeV. The CMD-2 re-analysis of their data has reduced the disagreement between the Standard Model prediction and the Brookhaven measurement of the muon magnetic moment to 1.9 σ, while using the tau decay data plus CVC, the disagreement is 0.7 σ. (However, the two sets of data remain inconsistent at the 2.9 σ level.) The recent Belle and BABAR measurements of the B → φK CP violating parameters and branching ratios are discussed. They are analyzed theoretically within the BBNS improved factorization method. The CP parameters are in disagreement with the Standard Model at the 2.7 σ level, and the branching ratios are low by a factor of two or more over most of the parameter space. It is shown that both anomalies can naturally be accounted for by adding a non-universal cubic soft breaking term at M G mixing the second and third generations.

Non-universal Soft SUSY Breaking and Dark Matter

An analysis is given of the effects of non-universal soft SUSY breaking masses in the Higgs sector and in the third generation squark sector, and it is shown that they are highly coupled. Analytic expressions are obtained for their effects on the parameters μ,mA and on the third generation squark masses. Non-universality effects on dark matter event rates in neutralino-nucleus scattering are analysed. It is found that the effects are maximal in the range mχ̃1 ≤ 65 GeV where the relic density is governed by the Z and Higgs poles. In this range the minimum event rates can be increased or decreased by factors of O(10) depending on the sign of non-universality. Above this range Landau pole effects arising from the heavy top mass tend to suppress the non-universality effects. The effect of more precise measurements of cosmological parameters on event rates, which is expected to occur in the next round of COBE like sattelite experiments, is also investigated. Implications for the analysis for dark matter searches are discussed.

Supersymmetric Signals at the Tevatron

The possibility of detecting SUSY signals arising from Wino and Zino production at the Tevatron is examined. If the Tevatron is operated at peak luminosity of 1031cm−2sec−1 with full lepton detection capabilities, we estimate for a UA1 type apparatus that the trilepton signal is sensitive to Winos with mass up to ≈70–80 GeV, the dilepton signal up to ≈50–60 GeV and the monojet signal up to ≈45–50 GeV.

Cosmological constraints and SU(5) supergravity grand unification

Abstract The predictions of SU(5) supergravity models with radiative breaking constrained by experimental proton decay bounds are discussed. It is shown that cosmological constraints further restrict the parameter space but can be satisfied for a wide range of parameters. It is also shown that no serious fine tuning problems (either at M SUSY or M GUT ) exist.

Grand unification scale CP violating phases and the electric dipole moment

The question of CP violating phases in supersymmetry and electric dipole moments (EDMs) is considered within the framework of supergravity grand unification (GUT) models with a light (