Richard Morin

Community Organizations and Local Governance in a Metropolitan Region

In a context of globalization, municipalities and metropolitan regions are involved in international competition to support economic growth. This leads to new forms of collaboration between public authorities and businesses, giving birth to new forms of urban and metropolitan governances. Moreover, many old neighborhoods of the central city and some districts of the old suburbs face growth in unemployment and poverty. In these local territories, community organizations put forward local development practices that aim to improve living conditions. These organizations cooperate with other community organizations, public institutions and private agencies. Thus, they are embedded in a kind of governance: a local governance. This article, based on the case of the metropolitan region of Montreal, highlights the conception of local development of these community organizations, the local governance in which they participate, and the link between this local governance with the urban and metropolitan ones.

La Banque mondiale et les politiques urbaines: le cas de Bamako, Mali

ABSTRACT This article first presents the three general approaches which have characterized the intervention of the World Bank in housing and urban services since the 1970s: the Urban Projects, the Institutional Reinforcement and the Urban Productivity Improvement. Then, it underlines that, after some rather poor results from 1960 to 1980, the public actions in housing and urban equipments in Bamako, capital of Mali, have been marked, since the beginning of the 1980s by the preponderant influence of the World Bank whose three general approaches shape the urban policies of the Malian government.

Coûts et niveaux de consommation différenciés de l'eau des ménages dans les villes africaines: Le cas de Conakry

Abstract Differentiated Domestic Water Rates and Consumption in African Cities: The Case of Conakry. During the 1980s, several African states privatized the management of the potable water supply in cities, a reform aimed at increasing access to water by extending the water network and at making the service profitable by introducing the user-pay principle. Results of a survey conducted in Conakry, Guinea, highlight three main findings: a diversification of the modes of water supply despite an extension of the network; a differentiation of the monetary and non monetary costs of access to water based on household income, mode of provisioning and location; and a variation in levels of water consumption based on these same factors.