Richard William Bukowski

Object associations: a simple and practical approach to virtual 3D manipulation

This paper describes a software framework to aid in designing and implementing convenient manipulation behaviors for objects in a 3D virtual environment. A combination of almost realistic-looking pseudo-physical behavior and idealized goal-oriented properties, called object associations, is used to disambiguate the mapping of the 2D cursor motion on the display screen into an appropriate object motion in the 3D virtual world and to determine a valid and desirable final location for the objects to be placed. Objects selected for relocation actively look for nearby objects to associate and align themselves with; an automated implicit grouping mechanism also falls out from this process. Concept, structure, and our implementation of such an object association framework in the context of the Berkeley Soda Hall WALKTHRU environment are presented.

Interactive simulation of fire in virtual building environments

This paper describes the integration of the Berkeley Architectural Walkthrough Program with the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s CFAST fire simulator. The integrated system creates a simulation based design environment for building fire safety systems; it also allows fire safety engineers to evaluate the performance of building designs, and helps make performance-based fire codes possible. We demonstrate that the visibility preprocessing and spatial decomposition used in the Walkthru also allow optimization of the data transfer between the simulator and visualizer. This optimization improves the ability to use available communication bandwidth to get needed simulation data to the Walkthru in the best order to visualize results in real time; an appropriate communication model and data structures are presented. General issues arising in the integration of environmental simulations and virtual worlds are discussed, as well as the specifics of the Walkthru-CFAST system, including relevant aspects of the user interface and of the visualization and simulation programming interfaces. A recommendation is made to structure future simulators in such a way that they can selectively direct their computational efforts toward specified spacetime regions of interest and thereby support real-time, interactive virtual environment visualization more effectively. CR Categories: I.3.2 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Systems— Distributed/Network Graphics; I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques—Graphics Data Structures and Data Types; I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques—Interaction Techniques; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Virtual Reality; I.6.7 [Simulation and Modeling]: Simulation Support Systems—Environments; J.6 [Computer-Aided Engineering]: Computer-Aided Design.

Citywalk: a second generation walkthrough system

The architectural framework of an advanced virtual walkthrough environment is described and placed in perspective with first generation systems built during the last two decades. This framework integrates support for scalable, distributed, interactive models with plug-in physical simulation to provide a large and rich environment suitable for architectural evaluation and training applications. An outlook is also given to a possible third generation of virtual environment architectures that are capable of integrating different heterogeneous walkthrough models.