Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira

Efeito de temperaturas e substratos na germinação de sementes de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Anacardiaceae)

Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Anacardiaceae) is a native tree specie with excellent physical, chemical and biological properties. However, due to predatory exploration, it is in the official list of Brazilian species threatened with extinction. This work aimed at studying the germination of M. urundeuva seeds in different conditions of substrate and temperature regime. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 8 x 7 factorial arrangement (7 temperatures 25, 27, 30, 35, 20-27, 20-30 and 20-35oC; and 8 substrates - sowing in and on: blotting paper, sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber) with four replications with 25 seeds. The following parameters were analyzed: germination (%), first germination count (%), germination speed index, average time of germination (days), and length (cm) of hipocotyl and primary root. Constant temperatures gave the shortest average time of seed germination and favored hipocotyl development. The best results for germination were obtained at 25 and 27oC in all substrates, except for sowing in between blotting paper at 27oC. The vermiculite and coconut fiber substrates allowed satisfactory germinative performance and did not require daily remoisten, proving to be suitable for the evaluation of the physiological quality of M. urundeuva seeds.

Produtividade e composição química de gramíneas tropicais na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco

This work was carried out to evaluate the productive potencial and chemical composition of five grasses (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Pioneiro, P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott; Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaca, P. maximum Jacq cv. Tanzânia, e Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf. cv. Marandu). The cuts were performed at 35 days of intervals and 40 cm above ground. Pioneiro showed higher DM yield (7.35 t DM/ha/35 days) when compared to the Dwarf Elephantgrass (5.28 t DM/ha/35 days) and Tanzânia grass (5.23 t DM/ha/35 days), being similar to the others. Brachiaria brizantha presented the highest total tillering (538.72/m²) however the aerial tiller weight was the lowest for this species. The cultivars of P. purpureum showed higher aerial tillering and lower basal tillering, when compared to the cultivars of P. maximum. The CP concentration ranged from 6.96 to 10.20% and the cultivar Pioneiro presented the highest value. No difference was found among the forages for NDF and ADF, and the mean values were 73.83 and 39.20%, respectively. At the evaluated cut interval, the forages presented a high proportion of leaves (> 80%), showing potential to be used on livestock pasture-based operations in the Forest Zone of Pernambuco.

Caracterização da vegetação de Caatinga e da dieta de novilhos no Sertão de Pernambuco

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composicao botânica, a disponibilidade e a qualidade da forragem e da dieta de animais fistulados alimentados na Caatinga, no periodo chuvoso, em Pernambuco. Avaliaram-se a composicao botânica e a disponibilidade de fitomassa dos estratos herbaceo, arbustivo e arboreo, nos meses de marco e junho. A avaliacao da qualidade da forragem foi feita por meio da analise bromatologica, realizada em todos os meses do periodo chuvoso. Foram encontradas 67 especies, das quais 28 herbaceas, 20 arbustivas e 19 arboreas. Destas, 19 foram encontradas na dieta dos animais. A disponibilidade de fitomassa do componente herbaceo variou de 1.369 kg ha-1 de materia seca (MS), em marco, para 452 kg ha-1 de MS em junho. A disponibilidade do estrato arbustivo aproximou-se do herbaceo, enquanto o componente arboreo contribuiu com apenas 178 kg ha-1 de MS. Apesar de a disponibilidade de fitomassa ser relativamente alta, apenas uma pequena porcentagem do material encontrado pode ser considerada como forragem. Foi observada baixa digestibilidade da proteina, provavelmente em consequencia do alto teor em lignina.

Deposição e acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes em serapilheira em um bosque de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.)

n Quantification of litter deposition and organic mantle accumulation are important steps on nutrient cycling studies. This study aimed to quantify litter deposition and organic mantle in a sabiAE (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) woodlot in an experimental farm in the Brazilian northeast region. Twenty 0.50 x 0.50 x 0.15 m wood collectors, to quantify litter deposition, were systematically distributed over the area elevated 30 cm above the soil. Deposited material was collected monthly from October 2000 to September 2001, and separated into leaves, twigs, flowers, pods and mixed portions. Undecomposed organic mantle was randomly sampled nearby collector boxes, to a total of 20 monthly samples, from which a 0.30 x 0.30 m composed sample was collected. The collected material was also hand separated into leaves, twigs, flowers,

Utilização de Técnicas Multivariadas na Avaliação da Divergência Genética entre Clones de Palma Forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) 1

Through multivariate techniques the phenetic divergence among clones of cactus forage was evaluated, in an experiment installed at Experimental Station of the Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria - IPA, Caruaru - PE. The experimental design was a complete block design, with three blocks. The treatments were 19 clones of cactus forage of the Bank of Germoplasma of IPA. It was measured: a) measures in cladodios, according to the order: length, width, thickness, number and weight of the green matter; b) measures by plant: thorn presence, number of cladodios for order and total, total height, infestation for cochineal and weight of the green matter. It was applied the univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate (MANOVA), the canonical variables (CV) and cluster analysis (CA). In ANOVA difference were verified among the averages of clones. Differences among vectors of averages of clones were detected by means of MANOVA. It was possible to reduce the original dimensionality for two dimensions, that explained of 85.03% of the total variation, by applicating VC. The infestation percentage by cochineal was considered a characteristics susceptible to discard. In CA was discriminated nine group. In the studied conditions, the characteristic infestation percentage for cochineal should not be included in the study of the genetic diversity; the characteristics of larger discrimination were thickness average for cladodio primary, secondary and tertiary, number of primary cladodio and medium weights of green matter for secondary and tertiary cladodio, in a program of crossing of cactus forage, it must be considered the group of clones and the clone performance as characteristics with higher agronomic relevance and animal science.

Distribuição de biomassa e nutrientes na parte aérea de Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth

This work was carried out at Itambe Experimental Station, in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, to study biomass and nutrient distribution in stands of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. Two stands with similar soil and topographical conditions were studied, involving plants eight and eleven years old, at 3.0 x 3.0 m and 4.5 x 4.5 m spacing, respectively. The biomass of each tree component was determined. Samples of leaves, branches, bark and stem were collected and chemically analyzed. Total biomass was 66.22 and 80.78 t/ha in stands I and II, respectively. Biomass distribution in stands I and II was: branches (44.99 and 53.40%), wood (51.53 and 44.58%), bark (2.39 and 1.40%) and leaves (1.10 and 0.62%). Nutrients of the components for both stands showed the following concentration trend: Nitrogen > Calcium > Potassium > Magnesium > Sulfur > Phosphorus.

Variability and heritability of morphologic characters in elephant grass clones in the Forest Zone in Pernambuco

Esta pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar a variabilidade e herdabilidade de caracteres morfologicos de 54 clones de capim-elefante na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco (tres testemunhas locais e os demais provenientes da RENACE/CNPGL). Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com testemunhas adicionais. Foram realizados tres cortes de avaliacao aos 60 dias de crescimento. Houve diferencas significativas para diâmetro de colmo, densidade de perfilhos basais e aereos, largura da folha 3, comprimento da folha 5, porcentagem de lâminas foliares, porcentagem de colmo e relacao lâmina foliar/colmo. Os clones da RENACE sao semelhantes aos tradicionalmente cultivados nas condicoes da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco quanto a maioria dos caracteres morfologicos. A cultivar Pioneiro floresceu precocemente nas condicoes ambientais deste estudo. As caracteristicas numero de perfilhos basais e aereos/metro apresentaram alta herdabilidade, o que evidenciando pouca influencia do ambiente na variabilidade entre clones. Considerando a variabilidade entre os clones da RENACE para numero de perfilhos basais e aereos/metro e relacao folha/colmo e a alta herdabilidade desses caracteres, e possivel obter ganhos geneticos para essas caracteristicas no melhoramento do capim-elefante na regiao da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco.

Interceptação das chuvas em um fragmento de floresta da Mata Atlântica na Bacia do Prata, Recife, PE

The Dois Irmaos forest is one of the few remaining areas of the Atlantic Forest in the State of Pernambuco. The dams of Meio, Prata and Dois Irmaos, which belong to the Prata Basin, are in it. The objective of this work was to study the rainfall partitioning in a fragment of the Atlantic forest in the Prata basin, in Recife, PE. 24 raingouges were installed in the interior of the forest to measure the throughfall and 20 trees of superior extract and 10 of the sub-forest were selected to determine the stemflow. The results showed values of loss interception of 208,3 mm, net precipitation of 1431,7 mm, throughfall of 1392,4 mm, stemflow by superior stratum of 6,6 mm and stemflow by sub-forest of 32,8 mm, corresponding to 12,7%, 87,3%, 84,9%, 0,4% and 2%, respectively.

Composição química de forrageiras e seletividade de bovinos em bosque-de-sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) nos períodos chuvoso e seco

This trial was carried out from June 1999 to March 2000 to evaluate the chemical composition of samples of sabia legume (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.), with and without thorns, collected in the rainy and dry seasons and to compare the botanical composition of sabia pasture with that of the diet selected by the grazing animals. No significant difference was observed in chemical composition between samples of sabia with and without thorns. The mean values obtained in the rainy samples were: 26.45% drymatter (DM), 27.63% crude protein (CP), 44.39% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 25.80% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 1.24% calcium (Ca), 0.22% phosphorus (P), 1.63% potassium (K) and 1.12% sodium (Na). In the dry period samples, the mean values observed were: 42.39% DM, 19.30% CP, 39.05% NDF, 21.83% ADF, 1.25% Ca, 0.15% P, 1.63% K and 0.27% Na. Considering the botanical composition, the rainy extrusa sample showed higher participation of sabia (83.1%) as compared to the dry period (12.3%). During the rainy period, the animals selected sabia in higher quantity while the hand plucked samples overestimated the dietary fiber fraction as compared to values for the extrusa samples.This trial was carried out from June 1999 to March 2000 to evaluate the chemical composition of samples of sabiá legume (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.), with and without thorns, collected in the rainy and dry seasons and to compare the botanical composition of sabiá pasture with that of the diet selected by the grazing animals. No significant difference was observed in chemical composition between samples of sabiá with and without thorns. The mean values obtained in the rainy samples were: 26.45% drymatter (DM), 27.63% crude protein (CP), 44.39% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 25.80% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 1.24% calcium (Ca), 0.22% phosphorus (P), 1.63% potassium (K) and 1.12% sodium (Na). In the dry period samples, the mean values observed were: 42.39% DM, 19.30% CP, 39.05% NDF, 21.83% ADF, 1.25% Ca, 0.15% P, 1.63% K and 0.27% Na. Considering the botanical composition, the rainy extrusa sample showed higher participation of sabiá (83.1%) as compared to the dry period (12.3%). During the rainy period, the animals selected sabiá in higher quantity while the hand plucked samples overestimated the dietary fiber fraction as compared to values for the extrusa samples.

Litter seasonality, composition and nutrient input in remnant of Atlantic Forest in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

This research aimed to evaluate the amount of litter fall, the seasonal distribution and the influence of precipitation on the fall. It also intended to determine the nutrient contents and estimated the nutrient input according to time and plant structure. The research was carried out in an Atlantic Forest remnant in Recife-PE metropolitan region. The litter fall was equal to 10.07 tons/ha/year, and the leaf component contributed with 6.74 tons/ha/year (66.9 % of the total). Litter fall was higher during the dry season. Seasonality influenced the leaf component of the litter fall. The amount of K was low in the rainy season for the leaf and miscellaneous components. The contents of nutrients in g/kg in the litter were Ca, 15.73; K, 4.74; Mg, 2.42; and P, 0.50. The input of nutrients through the litter was 170.7; 26.4; 5.2; and 49.7 kg/ha/year for Ca, Mg, P and K, respectively.