Rita Aurélia Boscolo

O exercício físico e os aspectos psicobiológicos

Physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects The objective of this review is to address part of the studies on an issue not much explored: the relation between physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects. The importance of understanding these aspects and how they affect the quality of life of the human being is what stimulates researches on this issue. The literature stresses the fact that the regular practice of physical exercise produces positive results not only regarding sleep and its possible disorders, but also regarding the psychological aspects and the mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and the cognitive aspects, such as memory and learning. However, there are individuals who engage in the practice of physical exercise with such intensity and/or frequency, or yet, who make use of illegal drugs that can bring harmful effects to their health, as the case of physical exercise dependents and anabolic steroids users. Physical exercises cause physiological, biochemical and psychological alterations and, therefore, may be considered as a non-medication intervention for the treatment of disorders associated to the psychobiological aspects.

Moderate exercise training modulates cytokine profile and sleep in elderly people

Aging causes several physiological alterations, including alterations in sleep. It is possible that difficulty sleeping can be exacerbated by increased inflammation in older individuals. Moderate exercise training may be a modality of non-pharmacological treatment for sleep disorders and inflammation. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on sleep in elderly people as well as their cytokine profiles. Additionally, we examined the effect of exercise training on quality of life parameters using a SF-36 questionnaire. Twenty-two male, sedentary, healthy, elderly volunteers performed moderate training for 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 24 week at a work rate equivalent to their ventilatory aerobic threshold. The environment was kept at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C, with a humidity of 60 ± 5%. Blood and polysomnograph were collected twice: at baseline (1 week before training began) and after 6 months of training. Training increased aerobic capacity parameters (p<0.0001), decreased REM latency (p<0.02), and decreased time awake (p<0.05). After training, the levels of IL-6 (p<0.0001) and TNF-α (p<0.0001) and the ratio of TNF-α/IL-10 (p<0.0001) were decreased, whereas IL-10 levels were increased after training (p<0.001). Furthermore, exercise training was shown to improve quality of life parameters. Our results suggest that 6 months of training can improve sleep in the elderly and is related to the anti-inflammatory effect of moderate training, which modifies cytokine profiles.

Exercise training improves sleep pattern and metabolic profile in elderly people in a time- dependent manner

Aging and physical inactivity are two factors that favors the development of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and sleep dysfunction. In contrast, the adoption a habitual of moderate exercise may present a non-pharmacological treatment alternative for sleep and metabolic disorders. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on sleep quality and on the metabolic profile of elderly people with a sedentary lifestyle. Fourteen male sedentary, healthy, elderly volunteers performed moderate training for 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week for 24 wk at a work rate equivalent to the ventilatory aerobic threshold. The environment was kept at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C, with an air humidity 60 ± 5%. Blood and polysomnographs analysis were collected 3 times: at baseline (1 week before training began), 3 and 6 months (after 3 and 6 months of training). Training promoted increasing aerobic capacity (relative VO2, time and velocity to VO2max; p < 0.05), and reduced serum NEFA, and insulin concentrations as well as improved HOMA index (p < 0.05), and increased adiponectin levels (p < 0.05), after 3 months of training when compared with baseline data. The sleep parameters, awake time and REM sleep latency were decreased after 6 months exercise training (p < 0.05) in relation baseline values. Our results demonstrate that the moderate exercise training protocol improves the sleep profile in older people, but the metabolism adaptation does not persist. Suggesting that this population requires training strategy modifications as to ensure consistent alterations regarding metabolism.

Gender differences in the sleep habits of 11-13 year olds

OBJECTIVE Sleep plays an important role in the physical and emotional development of adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in sleep habits in a sample of 11-13 year olds. METHOD The study was carried out in the city of Patos de Minas, Brazil. The study cohort was composed of 200 students (96 boys and 104 girls) attending (in the morning or in the afternoon) the 5th, 6th or 7th grades, with ages ranging from 11 to 13 years. A Sleep Questionnaire developed at the Federal University of São Paulo was used in order to evaluate student sleep habits and schedules, as well as the overall quality of sleep. RESULTS For the period between Friday night and Sunday morning, girls displayed longer sleep duration than did boys. During the week, students attending only afternoon classes woke up later than did students attending only morning classes. In addition, morning-class students showed more adverse effects on sleep, including irregular sleep/wakefulness circadian rhythms, when compared with afternoon-class students. CONCLUSION Sleep habits are affected by gender and school schedule.

Análise de taxa metabólica basal e composição corporal de idosos do sexo masculino antes e seis meses após exercícios de resistência

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de comparar a taxa metabolica basal e a composicao corporal antes e apos um programa de exercicio de resistencia. Foram selecionados 46 voluntarios do sexo masculino com idade entre 60 e 75 (66,97 ± 4,80 anos), que foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 1) grupo controle, que foi orientado a nao alterar seus habitos rotineiros e nao se engajar em nenhum programa de exercicio fisico; e 2) grupo experimental, que participou de um programa de exercicios em cicloergometro tres vezes por semana (60 minutos) em dias alternados por seis meses, com intensidade prescrita referente a frequencia cardiaca do limiar ventilatorio 1 (LV-1). Os voluntarios foram submetidos a avaliacao da composicao corporal (DEXA); calorimetria indireta, analise sanguinea e teste ergoespirometrico. Apos o periodo de estudo, foram observados decrescimo significativo nos hormonios tireoidianos e mudancas no metabolismo basal em ambos os grupos, mas nao foram constatadas alteracoes na composicao corporal. No entanto, o grupo experimental apresentou aumento significativo no consumo de oxigenio pico e na carga de trabalho referente a intensidade do LV-1. Os dados sugerem que um programa de exercicios aerobios na intensidade do LV-1 nao e suficiente para provocar alteracoes favoraveis no metabolismo basal e composicao corporal de idosos, embora promova beneficios cardiovasculares.El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de comparar la tasa metabolica basal y la composicion corporal antes y despues de un programa de ejercicio de endurance. Fueron seleccionados 46 voluntarios del sexo masculino con edad entre 60 y 75 (66.97± 4.80 anos) que fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: 1) grupo control, que fue orientado a no alterar sus habitos rutinarios y no se encajar en ningun programa de ejercicio fisico; y 2) grupo experimental, que participo de un programa de ejercicios en cicloergometro 3 veces por semana (60 minutos) en dias alternados por seis meses con intensidad prescrita referente a la frecuencia cardiaca del umbral ventilatorio I (VT-1). Los voluntarios fueron sometidos a una evaluacion de la composicion corporal (DEXA); calorimetria indirecta, analisis sanguineo y test ergoespirometrico. Despues del periodo de estudio, fue observado un decrecimiento significativo en las hormonas tiroideas y cambios en el metabolismo basal en ambos grupos, pero no fueron observadas alteraciones en la composicion corporal. En tanto, el grupo experimental presento un aumento significativo en el consumo de oxigeno pico y en la carga de trabajo referente a la intensidad del VT-1. Los datos sugieren que un programa de ejercicios aerobicos en la intensidad del VT-1 no es suficiente para provocar alteraciones favorables en el metabolismo basal y en la composicion corporal de anosos, asi mismo promueva beneficios cardiovasculares.

Physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects

Physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects The objective of this review is to address part of the studies on an issue not much explored: the relation between physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects. The importance of understanding these aspects and how they affect the quality of life of the human being is what stimulates researches on this issue. The literature stresses the fact that the regular practice of physical exercise produces positive results not only regarding sleep and its possible disorders, but also regarding the psychological aspects and the mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and the cognitive aspects, such as memory and learning. However, there are individuals who engage in the practice of physical exercise with such intensity and/or frequency, or yet, who make use of illegal drugs that can bring harmful effects to their health, as the case of physical exercise dependents and anabolic steroids users. Physical exercises cause physiological, biochemical and psychological alterations and, therefore, may be considered as a non-medication intervention for the treatment of disorders associated to the psychobiological aspects.

Analysis of resting metabolic rate and body composition in elderly males before and after six months of endurance exercise

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de comparar a taxa metabolica basal e a composicao corporal antes e apos um programa de exercicio de resistencia. Foram selecionados 46 voluntarios do sexo masculino com idade entre 60 e 75 (66,97 ± 4,80 anos), que foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 1) grupo controle, que foi orientado a nao alterar seus habitos rotineiros e nao se engajar em nenhum programa de exercicio fisico; e 2) grupo experimental, que participou de um programa de exercicios em cicloergometro tres vezes por semana (60 minutos) em dias alternados por seis meses, com intensidade prescrita referente a frequencia cardiaca do limiar ventilatorio 1 (LV-1). Os voluntarios foram submetidos a avaliacao da composicao corporal (DEXA); calorimetria indireta, analise sanguinea e teste ergoespirometrico. Apos o periodo de estudo, foram observados decrescimo significativo nos hormonios tireoidianos e mudancas no metabolismo basal em ambos os grupos, mas nao foram constatadas alteracoes na composicao corporal. No entanto, o grupo experimental apresentou aumento significativo no consumo de oxigenio pico e na carga de trabalho referente a intensidade do LV-1. Os dados sugerem que um programa de exercicios aerobios na intensidade do LV-1 nao e suficiente para provocar alteracoes favoraveis no metabolismo basal e composicao corporal de idosos, embora promova beneficios cardiovasculares.El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de comparar la tasa metabolica basal y la composicion corporal antes y despues de un programa de ejercicio de endurance. Fueron seleccionados 46 voluntarios del sexo masculino con edad entre 60 y 75 (66.97± 4.80 anos) que fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: 1) grupo control, que fue orientado a no alterar sus habitos rutinarios y no se encajar en ningun programa de ejercicio fisico; y 2) grupo experimental, que participo de un programa de ejercicios en cicloergometro 3 veces por semana (60 minutos) en dias alternados por seis meses con intensidad prescrita referente a la frecuencia cardiaca del umbral ventilatorio I (VT-1). Los voluntarios fueron sometidos a una evaluacion de la composicion corporal (DEXA); calorimetria indirecta, analisis sanguineo y test ergoespirometrico. Despues del periodo de estudio, fue observado un decrecimiento significativo en las hormonas tiroideas y cambios en el metabolismo basal en ambos grupos, pero no fueron observadas alteraciones en la composicion corporal. En tanto, el grupo experimental presento un aumento significativo en el consumo de oxigeno pico y en la carga de trabajo referente a la intensidad del VT-1. Los datos sugieren que un programa de ejercicios aerobicos en la intensidad del VT-1 no es suficiente para provocar alteraciones favorables en el metabolismo basal y en la composicion corporal de anosos, asi mismo promueva beneficios cardiovasculares.

Chronic Exercise Promotes Alterations in the Neuroendocrine Profile of Elderly People

Aging and physical inactivity are 2 factors that favour the development of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. In contrast, adopting a habitual moderate exercise routine may be a nonpharmacological treatment alternative for neuroendocrine aging disorders. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on the metabolic profiles of elderly people with sedentary lifestyles. Fourteen sedentary, healthy, elderly male volunteers participated in a moderate training regimen for 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 24 weeks at a work rate equivalent to their ventilatory aerobic threshold. The environment was maintained at a temperature of 23±2°C, with a humidity of 60±5%. Blood samples for analysis were collected at 3 intervals: at baseline (1 week before training began), and 3 and 6 months after training. The training promoted increased aerobic capacity (relative VO(2), and time and velocity to VO(2)max; (p<0.05)) and reduced serum α-MSH (p<0.05) after 3 months of training when compared with the baseline data. In addition, serum thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) was reduced after 6 months of training compared with baseline levels. Our results demonstrate that a moderate exercise training protocol improves the metabolic profile of older people, and metabolic adaptation is dependent on time.

El ejercicio físico y los aspectos psicobiológicos

Physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects The objective of this review is to address part of the studies on an issue not much explored: the relation between physical exercise and the psychobiological aspects. The importance of understanding these aspects and how they affect the quality of life of the human being is what stimulates researches on this issue. The literature stresses the fact that the regular practice of physical exercise produces positive results not only regarding sleep and its possible disorders, but also regarding the psychological aspects and the mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and the cognitive aspects, such as memory and learning. However, there are individuals who engage in the practice of physical exercise with such intensity and/or frequency, or yet, who make use of illegal drugs that can bring harmful effects to their health, as the case of physical exercise dependents and anabolic steroids users. Physical exercises cause physiological, biochemical and psychological alterations and, therefore, may be considered as a non-medication intervention for the treatment of disorders associated to the psychobiological aspects.

Análisis de la tasa metabolica de descanso y la composición corporal en veteranos hombres antes y despues de seis meses de ejercicio de endurance

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de comparar a taxa metabolica basal e a composicao corporal antes e apos um programa de exercicio de resistencia. Foram selecionados 46 voluntarios do sexo masculino com idade entre 60 e 75 (66,97 ± 4,80 anos), que foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 1) grupo controle, que foi orientado a nao alterar seus habitos rotineiros e nao se engajar em nenhum programa de exercicio fisico; e 2) grupo experimental, que participou de um programa de exercicios em cicloergometro tres vezes por semana (60 minutos) em dias alternados por seis meses, com intensidade prescrita referente a frequencia cardiaca do limiar ventilatorio 1 (LV-1). Os voluntarios foram submetidos a avaliacao da composicao corporal (DEXA); calorimetria indireta, analise sanguinea e teste ergoespirometrico. Apos o periodo de estudo, foram observados decrescimo significativo nos hormonios tireoidianos e mudancas no metabolismo basal em ambos os grupos, mas nao foram constatadas alteracoes na composicao corporal. No entanto, o grupo experimental apresentou aumento significativo no consumo de oxigenio pico e na carga de trabalho referente a intensidade do LV-1. Os dados sugerem que um programa de exercicios aerobios na intensidade do LV-1 nao e suficiente para provocar alteracoes favoraveis no metabolismo basal e composicao corporal de idosos, embora promova beneficios cardiovasculares.El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de comparar la tasa metabolica basal y la composicion corporal antes y despues de un programa de ejercicio de endurance. Fueron seleccionados 46 voluntarios del sexo masculino con edad entre 60 y 75 (66.97± 4.80 anos) que fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: 1) grupo control, que fue orientado a no alterar sus habitos rutinarios y no se encajar en ningun programa de ejercicio fisico; y 2) grupo experimental, que participo de un programa de ejercicios en cicloergometro 3 veces por semana (60 minutos) en dias alternados por seis meses con intensidad prescrita referente a la frecuencia cardiaca del umbral ventilatorio I (VT-1). Los voluntarios fueron sometidos a una evaluacion de la composicion corporal (DEXA); calorimetria indirecta, analisis sanguineo y test ergoespirometrico. Despues del periodo de estudio, fue observado un decrecimiento significativo en las hormonas tiroideas y cambios en el metabolismo basal en ambos grupos, pero no fueron observadas alteraciones en la composicion corporal. En tanto, el grupo experimental presento un aumento significativo en el consumo de oxigeno pico y en la carga de trabajo referente a la intensidad del VT-1. Los datos sugieren que un programa de ejercicios aerobicos en la intensidad del VT-1 no es suficiente para provocar alteraciones favorables en el metabolismo basal y en la composicion corporal de anosos, asi mismo promueva beneficios cardiovasculares.