Ritesh N. Kumar

Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Disease Burden and Cost in the United States

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation. A better understanding of HCV disease progression and the associated cost can help the medical community manage HCV and develop treatment strategies in light of the emergence of several potent anti‐HCV therapies. A system dynamic model with 36 cohorts was used to provide maximum flexibility and improved forecasting. New infections incidence of 16,020 (95% confidence interval, 13,510‐19,510) was estimated in 2010. HCV viremic prevalence peaked in 1994 at 3.3 (2.8‐4.0) million, but it is expected to decline by two‐thirds by 2030. The prevalence of more advanced liver disease, however, is expected to increase, as well as the total cost associated with chronic HCV infection. Today, the total cost is estimated at

A cost‐effectiveness analysis of caspofungin vs. liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of suspected fungal infections in the UK

6.5 (

Consequences of inappropriate initial empiric parenteral antibiotic therapy among patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections in Spain

4.3‐

Validation of the Health-Related Productivity Questionnaire Diary (HRPQ-D) on a sample of patients with infectious mononucleosis: Results from a phase 1 multicenter clinical trial

8.4) billion and it will peak in 2024 at

Economic Evaluation of Caspofungin versus Liposomal Amphotericin B for Empiric Antifungal Treatment in Patients with Neutropenic Fever in Italy

9.1 (

Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Ertapenem versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Complicated Intraabdominal Infections Accounting for Antibiotic Resistance

6.4‐

Cost-effectiveness of Raltegravir in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced HIV-1–Infected Patients in Switzerland

13.3) billion. The lifetime cost of an individual infected with HCV in 2011 was estimated at

Comparative Effectiveness of Efavirenz, Protease Inhibitors, and Raltegravir-Based Regimens as First-Line Treatment for HIV-Infected Adults: A Mixed Treatment Comparison

64,490. However, this cost is significantly higher among individuals with a longer life expectancy. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that US HCV prevalence is in decline due to a lower incidence of infections. However, the prevalence of advanced liver disease will continue to increase as well as the corresponding healthcare costs. Lifetime healthcare costs for an HCV‐infected person are significantly higher than for noninfected persons. In addition, it is possible to substantially reduce HCV infection through active management. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2164–2170)

Economic evaluation of caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia in Sweden

Objective:  To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of caspofungin vs. liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of suspected fungal infections in the UK.

Accounting for the Development of Antibacterial Resistance in the Cost Effectiveness of Ertapenem versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections in the UK

To assess the association between inappropriate antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes for complicated community-acquired intra-abdominal infections in Spain, patient records from October 1998 to August 2002 in 24 hospitals were reviewed. Initial empiric therapy was classified appropriate if all isolates were sensitive to at least 1 of the antibiotics administered. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations between appropriateness of therapy and patient outcomes. Healthcare resource use was measured as hospital length of stay (LOS) and d on intravenous antibiotic therapy. A total of 425 patients were included. Of these, 387 (91%) received appropriate initial empiric therapy. Patients on inappropriate therapy were less likely to have clinical success (79% vs 26%, p<0.001), more likely to require additional antibiotic therapy (40% vs 7%, p<0.01) and more likely to be re-hospitalized within 30 d of discharge (18% vs 3%, p<0.01). Multivariate analyses also showed that inappropriate therapy was associated with an almost 16% increase in LOS (p<0.05) and 26% in d of intravenous antibiotic therapy compared with appropriate therapy (p<0.05). Inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy was associated with a significantly higher proportion of unsuccessful patient outcomes (including death, re-operation, re-hospitalization or additional parental antibiotic therapies), increased length of stay and length on therapy.