Rizwan Nawaz

Blue Nile Runoff Sensitivity to Climate Change

gypt Abstract: This study describes implementation of hydrological climate change impact assessment t ool utilising a combi- nation of statistical spatiotemporal downscaling and an operational hydrological model known as the Nile Forecasting System. A spatial rainfall generator was used to produce high-resolution (daily , 20km) gridded rainfall data required by the distributed hydrological model from monthly GCM outputs. The combined system was used to assess the sensitivity of upper Blue Nile flows at Diem flow gauging station to changes in future rainfall during th e June-September rainy sea- son based on output from three GCMs. The assessment also incorporated future evapotra nspiration changes over the ba- sin. The climate change scenarios derived in this study were broadly in line with other studies, with the majority of scenar- ios indicating wetter conditions in the future. Translating the impacts in to runoff in the basin showed increased future mean flows, although these would be offset to some degree by rising evapotranspiration. I mpacts on extreme runoff indi- cated the possibility of more severe fl oods in future. These are likely to be exacerbated by land-use changes including overgrazing, deforestation, and improper farming practices. Blue Nile basin flood managers the refore need to continue to prepare for the possibility of more frequent floods by adopting a range of measures to mi nimise loss of life and guard against other flood damage.

Balancing water, religion and tourism on Redang Island, Malaysia.

Redang Island (Pulau Redang) is an island off of Peninsular Malaysia that is part of a Marine Park archipelago of corals and thousands of fish and invertebrates. The relatively isolated local community is generally centered on fishing, and Islam guides daily life. Recently, the tourism industry has expanded on the island. New hotels and resorts provide jobs, but also expose the locals to western culture and touristic behavior, which may clash with deeply traditional community values. Further, the tourism industry may be putting a strain on the natural resources, especially the quantity and quality of freshwater. The island village may become divided between those who support the tourism industry and those who do not. Here we present an exploratory investigation into the development–environment–culture dynamics of tourism, water and religion on Redang Island while building collaborations between universities of this Muslim state and the West.