Robert D. Boyd

Facilitating Personal Transformations in Small Groups: Part I

This is Part One of a two-part article that describes a method to facilitate personal transformations in small groups. The Matrix Model forms the operational structure for the method. The roles of the group, members, and leader are examined. Personal transformation is defined within the framework of analytical psychology. The method makes extensive use of metaphors. Their nature and the manner m which metaphors are employed are examined. The method may be used with a variety of self-analytic groups.

A TEST OF ERIKSON'S THEORY OF EGO-STAGE DEVELOPMENT BY MEANS OF A SELF-REPORT INSTRUMENT

The validity and reliability of the Self-Description Questionnaire was tested using undergraduate and graduate students. The history and development of the instrument are reported. The validity was...

A Matrix Model of the Small Group Part 2

This article constitutes the second part of a report on the matrix model for the study of small groups. It considers implications of the model and its translation into operational terms, and provides theoretical foundations for empirical categorization of group process manifest in personalty, social, subsystems, and cultural subsystems. Primary group tasks addressed are identity formation, modes of relating, and reality adaptation. The works of Erik son, Bion, Jung, and Piaget provide theoretical starting points

A Methodology for the Analysis of the Psychosocial Profiles of Low Literate Adults

This research reports the development and testing of a practical instrument-the Self-Description Questionnaire (ABE/ASE form)-that can readily be used by teachers to identify the psychosocial factors which may be major contributors to the learning problems experienced by low-literate adults. The instrument, which was developed from a methodology based on the epigenetic theory of Erik Erikson, gives psychosocial profiles of individuals. The study reports on the reliability and validity of the instrument. The report also provides some concrete examples to demonstrate how teachers can make use of the framework and the data obtained from the instrument.

Three Channel Theory of Communication in Small Groups

Forty experimental dyads were composed for study designed to test a transactional theory which views interpersonal behavior as being communicated simultaneously on three channels. The term channel is employed here to specify a mode of communication. The dyads ranged from compatability to incompatibility through all possible combinations on the three channels. The dyads were identified from a battery of instruments administered to 200 sub jects. The general hypothesis was that there would be a linear relationship between intra-group compatibility and a set of five dependent variables. Each of the 40 dyads was scheduled for a half-hour discussion period in which the members worked together to solve a case study problem. Following the discussion session each member was given a set of post-meeting instruments to com plete. Results on three of the linear relationships were in the predicted direction.

An Approach to Facilitating Personal Transformations in Small Groups

This article describes a method to facilitate personal transformations in small groups. The matrix model forms the operational structure for the method. The roles of the group, members, and leader are examined. Personal transformation is defined within the framework of analytical psychology. The method makes extensive use of metaphors. Their nature and the manner in which metaphors are employed are examined. The method may be used with a variety of self-analytic groups.

New Designs for Adult Education Doctoral Programs.

In the first part of this position paper the author assesses 1. the purposes of a university, 2. the nature of adult education, 3. the roles and qualities of the faculty, and 4. the conditions for educa cational experiences as they apply to the learners. The writer asserts that all four components must be considered carefully be fore developing new adult education doctoral programs. From the conclusions and definitions of the first section, the author deduces the specific attributes of adult education and denotes three phases of a proposal doctoral program in adult education.

Solving Problems of Practice in Education A Prescriptive Model for the Use of Scientific Information

The authors identify and discuss the many complexities involved in the translation of scientific information in the social sciences into forms usable for solving problems of practice in education. As a means of appropriately handling these complexities and the issues that arise, they prescribe a series of stages to be followed from the advent of a practitioners situational problem to the design of a response to it. They assert that unless the process of translation is conducted with the prescribed level of understanding, appreciation, and rigor, the application of knowledge will be inaccurate.

A Matrix Model of the Small Group.

Small groups are conceptualized as being composed of three systems and involved with three primary tasks The three systems are the social, the personality, and the cultural. Each of these in turn is involved with working on three tasks: establishing identity, developing modes of relating, and solving reality-adaptive problems. The Matrix Model is conceptualized in five perspectives: the adaptive, developmental, structural, transactional, and gestalt points of view. The argument is made that a synthesis of knowledge of small groups will provide for a more meaningful and useful understanding The matrix provides a holistic and empirical framework within which studies can be productively conducted.

The Dynamics in Adult Education

not necessarily insure re-education. The realization that change must be made does not automatically bring about change in an individual. The means of effecting change in behavior through re-education has been a central problem to all re-education enterprises. This problem faces educators and indirectly the total population of America in the retraining programs of the replaced workers. Although the problem of teaching adults a new livelihood is a growing national concern, it is not a new con-