Robert Elz

NEMO-Based Distributed Mobility Management

Mobile IPv6 protocol allows a single Mobile Node (MN) to keep the same IPv6 address independently of its network of attachment. One of these extensions, Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support protocol is an extension Mobile IPv6. NEMO signaling is performed with extended Mobile IPv6 messages. NEMO Basic Support protocol is concerned with managing the mobility of an entire network, it provides for devices or vehicles which move to another point of attachment to the Internet. This paper proposes a distributed mobility solution based on NEMO for mobile IP networks. This distributed mobility solution that is simple to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional NEMO protocol which is centralized mobility management.

Investigating Enhanced Route Optimization for Mobile IPv6

Enhanced route optimization for mobile IPv6 applies cryptographically generated addresses (CGAs) to improve security and reduce handover delays. However the use of CGAs requires computationally expensive algorithms. This may be an issue for small mobile devices with low processing power. It is a problem for correspondent nodes that simultaneously communicate with a large number of mobile nodes, such as publicly accessible servers. This paper investigates enhanced route optimization for mobile IPv6, concentrating upon the costs particularly for the correspondent node. The costs of implementing enhanced route optimization for mobile IPv6 are not negligible. The correspondent node will have to protect itself against potential denial-of service attempts from attackers by limiting the amount of resources it spends on CGA verification.

Performance evaluation of IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanisms: IPv4-in-IPv6 tunneling techniques

Exhaustion of IPv4 address space is highly aware for most internet players, not only Internet Service Providers (ISPs), but also Telco and Content Providers. A number of IPv4/IPv6 migration/transition tools and mechanisms have been proposed, deployed/implemented world-wide. To make IPv4 networks be able to connect to IPv6 world, 4over6, DS-lite, and 4rd seems to be the most attractive solution according to their features and functions benefits. Beside such benefits, in this paper, we investigate their performance in terms of delay time, and reliability in both inter and intra-communications. Comparison results and analysis of these 3 solutions will be given. We conclude that these figures will provide the factors of scalability and quality-of-service (QoS).

Towards universal mobile-IP

In this paper we discuss several issues with the present usage model for Mobile-IP that tend to limit its deployability and suggest solutions to most of these practical deficiencies. In particular, we conclude that the Mobile IP protocols and implementations should operate with any number of Home Agents. That is, from none to many.

Performance of route optimization in nested NEMO

Network mobility (NEMO) basic support protocol is an extension mobile IPv6. NEMO signaling is performed with extended mobile IPv6 messages. NEMO basic support protocol is concerned with managing the mobility of an entire network, it provides for devices or vehicles which move to another point of attachment to the Internet. NEMO can maintain sessions established nodes between the mobile network and the global Internet after the mobile router (MR) changes its point of attachment. However, NEMO uses a bi-directional tunnel between the MR and its home agent (HA), resulting in a pinball route between 2 nodes. In addition, nested mobile networks will further increase the sub-optimality of routing. This proposed solution decreases packet delay, network resource usage and processing delay. Also, the bi-directional tunnel can be avoided, and the level of nesting mobile networks does not increase packet overhead. This solution only requires modification of the MR.

The role of mobile IP in a mobile world

Mobile IP is an old protocol that has rarely been actively used. With the advent of IPv6, MobilelPv6 is intended to be an integral part of all systems. Will that be enough to bring Mobile IP into more active use? Or will the growth in the mobile device marketplace and the corresponding expansion of wireless infrastructure have that effect?This paper will investigate some of the issues that impact on the relevance of Mobile IP, and discuss some problems and possible solutions. In particular, an example of a rational usage case for Mobile IP, that fails, will be given along with a possible solution. Some impediments that tend to make Mobile IP a less attractive mechanism than it should be will also be discussed, along with proposals for improvements that will alleviate the problems.

Route optimization in nested mobile networks using binding update for top-level MR

Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support protocol is an extension Mobile IPv6. NEMO signaling is performed with extended of Mobile IPv6 messages. NEMO Basic Support protocol is concerned with managing the mobility of an entire network, it provides for devices or vehicles which move to another point of attachment to the Internet. NEMO can maintain sessions established between nodes on the mobile network and the global Internet after the Mobile Router (MR) changes its point of attachment. However, NEMO uses a bi-directional tunnel between the MR and its Home Agent (HA), resulting in a pinball route between 2 nodes. In addition, nested mobile networks will further increase the sub-optimality of routing, causing problems for some application. This proposed solution decreases packet delay, network resource usage and processing delay. Also, the bi-directional tunnel can be avoided, and the level of nesting of mobile networks does not increase packet overhead. This solution only requires modification of the MR.

NAT-PT with multicast

This work investigates Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) as an IPv4/IPv6 transition technique. NAT-PT is adequate for unicast communication, however, there is no provision for multicast address mapping. This paper presents a solution to improve NAT-PT by adding support for multicast. As a result, NAT-PT can provide multicast address translation, and applications using multicast can interoperate between IPv4 and IPv6. An application level gateway (ALG) for the Session Advertisement Protocol (SAP) is added to perform and announce group address mapping.