Robert G. Frank

Handbook of rehabilitation psychology

Spinal Cord Injury, J. Scott Richards et al Limb Amputation, Bruce Rybarczyk et al Traumatic Brain Injury, Mitchell Rosenthal and Joseph Ricker Stroke, Bruce Caplan and Steve Moelter Geriatric Issues, Peter A. Lichtenberg and Susan E. MacNeill Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children, Dennis C. Harper and David B. Peterson Brain Injuries, David R. Patterson and Greg R. Ford Multiple Sclerosis, Gerald M. Devins and Zachary Shnek Chronic Pain, Daniel M. Doleys Hearing and Vision Loss, Robert Q. Pollard, Jr. et al Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Gary R. Bond and Sandra G. Resnik Functional Status and Quality of Life Measures, Allen Heinemann Assessment of Psychopathology and Personality in Persons with Disabilities, Cynthia L. Padnitz et al Evaluating Outcomes Research - Statistical Concerns and Clinical Relevance, Mary J. McAweeney Neuropsychological Assessment, Tim Conway and Bruce Crosson Forensic Psychological Evaluation in Rehabilitation, Brick Johnstone et al Patients with Brain Tumors, Marc W. Haut et al Paediatric Neuropsychology, Janet E. Farmer and Laura Muhlenbruck Alcohol and Traumatic Disability, Charles H. Bombardier Postacute Brain Injury Rehabilitation, James F. Malec and Jennie L. Ponsford Neuroimaging and Rehabilitation Outcome, Erin Bigler Rehabilitation Based on Behavioural Neuroscience, Edward Taub and Gitendra Uswatte Disability and Vocational Behaviour, Edna Mora Symanski Injury Prevention, Frank A. Fee and Dawn A. Bouman Social Support and Adjustment to Disability, Kathleen Chwalisz and Alan Vaux Caregiving in Chronic Disease and Disability, Richard Shewchuk and Timothy R. Elliott Social Psychological Issues in Disability and Rehabilitation, Dana S. Dunn The Disability and Rehabilitation Experience - an African American Example, Faye Z. Belgrave and S. Lisbeth Jarama Prospective Payment Systems, Kristopher J. Hagglund et al Education in Rehabilitation and Healthcare Psychology - Principles and Strategies for Unfiying Subspecialty Training, Robert L. Glueckauf Ethics in Rehabilitation Psychology - Historical Foundations, Basic Principles and Contemporary Issues Stephanie L. Hanson et al Drawing New Horizons for Rehabilitation Psychology, Timothy R. Elliott and Robert G. Frank.

Depression following spinal cord injury

Although depression has been widely studied among persons with spinal cord injury, the ubiquitous and unsophisticated use of the term and presumptions about its manifestations in the rehabilitation setting have needlessly encumbered the understanding and treatment of depression. Major themes and issues in the study, measurement, and treatment of depression among persons with spinal cord injury are reviewed. Greater precision is recommended in distinguishing diagnosable depression from displays of negative affect, anxiety, distress, and dysphoria. Correlates of depressive behavior among persons with SCI are surveyed, and guidelines for research and practice in the SCI setting are explicated.

Primary care psychology.

Primary Care Psychology examines the essential role that psychology plays in the delivery of primary care. Because psychological and behavioural interventions are natural complements to primary care, psychology is poised to become a full partner in the health profession. This volume brings together the leading researchers, scholars and practitioners to create a thorough and integrated manual about the major topics in primary care psychology. Chapters provide detailed descriptions of procedures that successfully implement theory, practical analysis of clinical and research implications, comprehensive discussions about the provision of care within special populations, critical examinations of the effect that health policy has on practice and resource allocation, and helpful illustrations and case studies.

Depression after spinal cord injury: is it necessary?

Abstract Adjustment to spinal cord injury has traditionally been assumed to be accompanied by depression. Yet contemporary research has failed to support this view and has provided evidence that depression is maladaptive in rehabilitation and adjustment. This paper reviews and integrates this literature. Methodological and theoretical perspectives are discussed. Recommendations for future research are proposed, and implications for clinical practice are addressed.

Health locus of control, gender differences and adjustment to persistent pain☆

&NA; Locus of control (LOC) beliefs, long thought important in adjustment to persistent pain, were studied among 160 subjects (67 males and 93 females) referred to a comprehensive pain rehabilitation program. The subscale structure of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) was factorially replicated in our sample. Three unique MHLC profile clusters were identified for both males and females. Among men, cluster assignment was related to age only. The younger male patients reported a stronger internal attributional style. Older male patients relied more heavily on both chance and powerful other factors. Among women, cluster assignment was related to the use of coping strategies. For example, patients with high internal scores only, reflecting a strong internal orientation towards self‐management of health care needs, were more likely to utilize Information‐Seeking, Self‐Blame, and Threat Minimization coping strategies than patients with high scores on both the Internal and Powerful Other factors. It appears that the presence of both Internal and Powerful Other health attributional styles is associated with less frequent use of cognitive self‐management techniques. In understanding the LOC scores it is important to rely on pattern analysis of scores. Implications for clinical treatment are discussed.

Family functioning, social support and depression after traumatic brain injury

Functional outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is thought to be dependent upon effective social support and avoidance of depressive episodes. Research indicates that post-injury changes often occur in the familys functioning, hence impacting the familys ability to provide the needed social support. Social support, in turn, has been hypothesized to work as a buffer between significant life event and levels of depressive symptoms. Thus poor social support after a TBI, due to changes in family functioning, could result in depressive episodes for the person with a TBI. This paper empirically examines this question by investigating whether social support is predictive of depression in persons who have sustained a TBI. Thirty-nine persons who had sustained TBI were interviewed to assess their family functioning, perceived social support, and current depressive symptomatology. The results showed that the effective use of problem-solving and behavioural coping strategies by the family in response to TBI was significantly related to lower levels of depression in the person who sustained the TBI. However, perceived social support was not predictive of depression.

Trajectories of adaptation in pediatric chronic illness : The importance of the individual

This study used individual growth modeling to examine individual difference and group difference models of adaptation. The adaptation of 27 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 40 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was tracked for 18 months from diagnosis. A control group of 62 healthy children was followed over the same time period. Clustering procedures indicated that child and family adaptation could be described by a number of distinct adaptation trajectories, independent of diagnostic group membership. In contrast, parental adaptation trajectory was associated with diagnostic group membership and control over disease activity for the JRA group and with diagnostic group membership for healthy controls. The observation of common patterns across trajectory sets, as well as the finding that trajectories were differentially related to a number of variables of interest, support the use of trajectories to represent adaptation to chronic disease.

Speed of processing within semantic memory following severe closed head injury

This study investigated the effects of severe closed head injury (CHI) on the speed of information processing within semantic categories. The question of whether subjects were able to benefit from priming was also investigated. Survivors of severe CHI who were less than 1 year postinjury and survivors who were greater than 1 year postinjury were compared with neurologically normal matched controls utilizing a category judgement task. The results demonstrated slower processing within semantic memory for both groups of CHI patients compared to normal controls. Furthermore, individuals with CHI were able to benefit from priming to the same relative degree as control subjects. Overall, the results suggested semantic organization remains intact after severe CHI, but accessing semantic information is slowed.

Coping and family functions after closed head injury

Cognitive deficits associated with closed head injury (CHI) have been well studied. Less attention has been directed to the emotional consequences of CHI and subsequent attempts to cope with major life events. CHI typically constitutes a catastrophic injury, yet few studies have examined coping strategies used by individuals after CHI or the effects of CHI on family functioning that may mediate coping. Previous workers have speculated that time since injury is a crucial determinant of coping; however, this has not been investigated with regard to CHI. In this preliminary investigation, 40 patients with CHI were compared with 17 neurologically intact controls. The CHI group was divided into two groups according to time since injury. It was found that patients with CHI used information seeking as their most dominant coping strategy regardless of their time since injury. Patients with CHI had higher family cohesion scores than control subjects. Implications of these findings for psychological response to CHI are discussed.

the recall of prose as a function of importance following closed head injury

Closed head injury (CHI) results in significant memory dysfunction. Although the disabling aspects of memory impairment after CHI have been recognized, little attention has been focused on the theoretical nature of these memory problems. A means of examining semantic sensitivity to the importance of the ideas presented in the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory subtest was developed. Subjects with CHI were sensitive to the semantic structure of the stories, but lost more important information at a faster rate than controls. Differences in recall, dependent on the passage, suggested that the two stories in the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised are not equivalent.