Robert H. Lauer

Temporal man : the meaning and uses of social time

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The Long-Term Relational Consequences of Problematic Family Backgrounds.

A large number of American children will grow up in a home disrupted by death or divorce, or in one that is intact but troubled by intense conflict or other problems. The present study addresses some of the long-term relational consequences of these family backgrounds. Using a sample of 313 volunteers average age of 35.4 years, those from intact-happy, intact-unhappy, death-disrupted, and divorce-disrupted families were compared on various measures of relational well-being (likelihood of being in an intimate relationship, quality of the intimate relationship, and number of children). Those from intact-happy families are less likely than others to be in an intimate relationship. The quality of intimate relationships formed by those from the four groups, and the number of children they had, did not differ.

Defining Social Problems: Public and Professional Perspectives

A common way of defining social problems is to include a subjective element; objective conditions only become social problems when they are perceived to be undesirable by some segment of the public. In their actual treatment of social problems, however, sociologists have contradicted their own definitions by ignoring public opinion in their selection of specific problems for study. A survey of Gallup Polls from 1935 to 1975 shows certain patterns in public definitions of problems and identifies the kind of concerns held by the public. An examination of thirty-four social problems texts shows the kind of problems treated by sociologists, and there is considerable disparity between the public and the professional perspectives. A resolution of this disparity is suggested in the form of a new definition of social problems that gives both professional and public opinion a place in identifying and analyzing social problems.

A Comparative Analysis of the Psychological Consequences of Change

Both social scientists and laymen have defined the present age as one of anxiety, and many have linked that anxiety with rapid change. The present study investigates the relationships between change in individual life circumstances, perceived rate of social change, and anxiety level. These relationships are examined in two samples-one from England and one from the United States. In both societies, there is a positive correlation between both kinds of change and anxiety level, with the perceived rate of social change being more significant as a predictor of anxiety level than change in life circumstances. In both societies, the effects of rate were moderated when the change is defined as desirable. A few differences between the two societies are noted and discussed. In general, however, the data support the notion that a high rate of change generates psychological reactions which require adjustment on the part of individuals, with the reaction moderated when the changes are perceived as desirable.