Robert John Barsotti
DuPont
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Surface Coatings International Part B-coatings Transactions | 2006
Jozef Theresia Huybrechts; Ann Vaes; Karel Dušek; Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková; Robert John Barsotti
SummariesThe new generation clear coats introduced in the automotive industry have improved scratch and mar resistance. It is believed that those properties are related to the introduction of new binder technologies leading to higher film cross-link densities. This was relatively easy to accomplish in the automotive industry because baking temperatures are well above the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the final clear coat film. In car repair coatings, the cross-linking takes place under conditions where the intermediate and/or final film Tg values are above the curing temperature. Such formulations result in vitrification during the drying process, a transition during which chemical cure and solvent release are slowed down substantially. The chemical cure can be improved through more reactive and/or higher functional binders, but this shifts the gel point to shorter times in the drying cycle which may lead to more solvent entrapment, resulting in low film hardnesses and paint defects. This paper describes the overall properties of 2K-refinish clear coats based on linear versus branched, random and graft acrylic polyols. The authors will try to correlate overall properties with theoretical predictions and practical results.RésuméLa nouvelle génération de revêtements transparents qui a apparu dans l’industrie automobile a une résistance améliorée aux éraflures et aux dégradations. On pense que ces qualités sont associées à l’introduction de nouvelles technologies dans le domaine des liants, ce qui entraine une densité de réticulation plus élevé dans le film. Tout cela était relativement facile à accomplir dans l’industrie automobile parce que les températures de cuisson sont beaucoup plus élevées que la température de la transition vitreuse (Tg) du film de revêtement transparent final. En ce qui concerne les revêtements de réparation pour les autos, la réticulation se produit sous des conditions où les valeurs Tg de film intermédiaires et/où finales sont plus élevées que celles de la température de séchage. De telles formulations provoquent la vitrification pendant le processus du séchage, transition pendant laquelle le séchage chimique et la libération du solvant sont beaucoup ralentis. Le séchage chimique peut être amélioré gráce à des liants plus réactifs et/où plus hautement fonctionnels, mais cela fait que le point de gel arrive plus tôt dans le cycle de séchage, situation qui pourrait entraîner un rétention du solvant, donc une basse dureté de film et des défauts de revêtement. Cet article décrit les propriétés générales de 2K revêtements de refinition transparents : ceux qui sont basés sur les polyols linéaires par rapport à ceux qui sont basés sur les polyols acryliques branchés, aléatoires et greffés. Les auteurs essayeront de corréler les propriétés générales aux prévisions théoriques et aux résultats pratiques.ZusammenfassungDie neue Generation von Klarlacken für die Auto industrie weist sich durch verbesserte kratz- und schadensresistenz aus. Es wird angenommen, daß diese Vorteile der Einführung von neuen Bindemitteln zu verdanken sind, die die Dichte der Kreuzverbindungen erhöht haben. Dieses war bei der Lackierung von neuen Autos relativ leicht zu erreichen, weil die Lackhärtungstemperaturen deutlich über der Glastransitionstemperatur (Tg) des letzten Klarlackes liegen. Bei Reparaturlacken findet die Kreuzvernetztung unter anderen Bedingungen statt: hier ist der Tq-Wert des Zwischen- oder obersten Klarlackfilmes höher, als die Härttemperatur. Der Lack wird während des Trocknung-sprozesses verglast (vitrifiziert) - ein Vorgang, der die Freigabe der Lösungsmitteln verlangsamt und die Härtungszeit deutlich verlängert. Die chemische Härtung kann durch die Beisetzung von Bindemitteln mit größerer Reaktivität oder verstärkter Funktionalitat verbessert werden, aber dieses verringert die Zeit zum Gellierungspunkt, was zur unvollständigen Freigabe der Lösungsmittel führen kann, was wiederrum in verringerter Filmhärte und Lackfehlem resultiert. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den allgemeinen Eigenschaften von 2K Refinish-Klarlacken auf Basis von linearen, verzweigten, vermischten und graft acrylischen Polyolen. Die Autoren versuchen, die beobachteten Eigenschaften mit theoretischen Vorhersagen und praktischen Ergebnissen zu korellieren.
International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization | 2000
Karlis Adamsons; Robert John Barsotti; Li Lin; Basil V. Gregorovich; Paul McGonigal; Bruce Lyle Neff; Greg Blackman; Dave Nordstrom
Abstract Scratch and mar of coatings is an important aspect of retaining initial performance levels. A number of test methods have been developed to measure coating resistance to damaging conditions. For the coatings industry, it is critical to have accelerated tests that indicate probable long term (i.e., service life) performance, and to have a means to correlate mar performance with chemical substructures of coatings. In this paper the synergism of measurement techniques for monitoring scratch and mar performance is explored. Laboratory mar tests, which have been validated by commercial experience, are used as the basis for comparison of a coatings performance. The combined elements of chemical, physical, mechanical, morphological and appearance properties of coatings have been explored. Chemical changes during cure and subsequent exposure have been followed by infrared techniques which show degree of cure, extent of photo-oxidation and hydrolysis, as well as changes in cross-linking with time and temperature. Physical and mechanical properties measured include T g, hardness, standard stress/strain measurements, as well as “Method of Essential Work”. Physical properties can be correlated with visual recovery of plastic flow damage and resistance to mar. Furthermore, microscratch experiments have been utilized to explore forces that are needed to induce surface damage and to determine the transitions between elastic deformation, plastic flow, and brittle fracture type damage. Morphology of scratches was examined by the use of atomic force microscopy before and after exposure. Optical imaging techniques were used to characterize scratch and mar. These studies are useful in understanding mechanisms of coating failure.
Archive | 2000
Robert John Barsotti; Derek John Winter
Archive | 1999
Robert John Barsotti; Patrick Henry Corcoran; Gary Delmar Jaycox; Laura Ann Lewin
Archive | 1988
Robert John Barsotti; Patrick Henry Corcoran
Archive | 1990
Robert John Barsotti; Lee R. Harper
Archive | 2003
Robert John Barsotti; Carl Brent Douglas; Renee Jeanne Kelly; Lech Wilczek
Archive | 1999
Robert John Barsotti; Isidor Hazan; John David Nordstrom
Archive | 1996
Robert John Barsotti; Laura Ann Lewin; Christopher Scopazzi
Archive | 2003
Donald Albert Paquet; Robert John Barsotti; Laura Ann Lewin; Carl Brent Douglas; Michael C. Grady