Robert K. Young
University of Texas at Austin
Network
Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.
Publication
Featured researches published by Robert K. Young.
Ethology and Sociobiology | 1995
D. N. Singh; Robert K. Young
Abstract Morphological features such as overall body fat, body fat distribution, as measured by waist-to-hip ratio, breast size, and hip width have been proposed to influence female attractiveness and desirability. To determine how the variations of these morphological features interact and affect the judgment of female age, attractiveness, and desirability for romantic relationships, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, college-age men rated female figures differing in body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and breast size for age, attractiveness, health, and desirability for short-and long-term relationships. Female figures with slender bodies, low waist-to-hip ratios, and large brasts were rated as most attractive, feminine looking, healthy, and desirable for casual and long-term romantic relationships. In Study 2, female figures with similar body weight and waist-to-hip ratios but differing hip widths and breast sizes were rated for the same attributes as in Study 1. Female figures with large breasts and narrow hips were rated as most youthful, attractive, and desirable for casual and long-term romantic relationships. It seems that larger body size, a high waist-to-hip ratio, and larger hips make the female figure appear older, unattractive, and less desirable for engaging in romantic relationships. Discussion focuses on the functional significance of interactions among various morphological features in determining female attractiveness.
Personality and Individual Differences | 1996
Matthew C. Keller; Del Thiessen; Robert K. Young
Abstract Dating and married couples show comparable levels of assortment for physical traits. Married couples, however, are more assorted on psychological traits. It is argued that both dating and married couples initially assort on physical similarity, but that couples who are similar on psychological traits are more likely to marry. Physical traits are apparently critical in initial partner selection; psychological traits are more important for long-term relationships. There is little evidence that couples become more similar in psychological traits over time, implying that existing similarities are due to initial assortment.
Personality and Individual Differences | 1997
Del Thiessen; Robert K. Young; Melinda Delgado
Two experiments explored the degree to which dating couples assort on physical and psychological traits. Experiment I demonstrates that 59 couples show similarities on a number of physical and non-physical (psychological) traits. Correlations are significantly different from randomized pairs and from zero when individuals rate the degree to which their partner shares similar traits. Correlations range from 0.35 to 0.66 for traits related to reproduction (i.e. interest in sex, marriage, and reproduction). Approximately equal levels of assortment occur for physical and psychological traits, and in short- and long-term relationships. Experiment II shows that subjects can reassort individual photographs of 12 dating couples presented in a random array significantly better than chance. The frequency with which the 50 subjects reassort couples is significantly correlated with the rated degree of similarity for those couples (r = 0.50). Moreover, attributions of reproductive potential are significantly related to judgments of couple similarity (r = 0.78 to 0.99).
Perceptual and Motor Skills | 1963
Robert K. Young; Donald J. Veldman
Several power functions were computed to determine the influence of violations of assumptions on the analysis of variance. For each analysis two groups of 10 scores each were randomly selected from a normally distributed population of 10,000 cases. In all cases each of the several points on the power curves was determined by the percentage of rejected null hypotheses in 5,000 analyses with alpha set at .05. The CDC 1604 computer was used.
Psychonomic science | 1966
Robert K. Young; Joel Saegert
Transfer was investigated in a group of 48 bilingual high school juniors. Each S learned two serial lists-one in English, the other in Spanish. Half the Ss learned the English list first; the second half learned the Spanish list first. Within both of these groups three transfer paradigms were employed. In the Same Order condition the second list was a translation of the first with the items arranged in the same order, in the Random Order condition the second-list items were translated from the first but were rearranged in a random order and the third condition was a control. The results indicated that amount of transfer was approximately the same from English to Spanish as from Spanish to English. About 50% positive transfer was obtained in the Same Order condition and about 13% negative transfer was obtained in the Random Order condition.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | 1963
Robert K. Young; Judith Patterson; William M. Benson
Summary An experiment was conducted which investigated backward serial learning. The basic design was such that S learned a serial list and then relearned it with the same items arranged in reverse order. Positive transfer was not obtained when it was measured in terms of trials to learn. The items in the middle of the list being relearned in reverse order were learned faster and given correctly more often than the same items in the control list. These results were interpreted as favorable to an hypothesis which assumes that the functional stimulus in serial learning is the position the item holds in the list.
Instructional Science | 1996
Valerie J. Shute; Lisa A. Gawlick-Grendell; Robert K. Young; Clarke A. Burnham
This paper describes a computer-based instructional system called Stat Lady, and reports the results of an evaluation study that tested the efficacy of learning probability from this program in relation to a traditional Lecture and a no-treatment Control group. Results showed that both treatment groups learned significantly more than the Control group, yet there was no difference between the two treatment groups in outcome performance after three hours of instruction. This was viewed as encouraging because: (a) due to sampling error, students assigned to the Stat Lady condition were at a disadvantage, scoring about 20 points less on the quantitative SAT measure compared to the Lecture group, and about 25 points less than the Control group, (b) the lecture constituted a more familiar learning environment for these subjects, and (c) the professor administering the Lecture had more than 20 years experience teaching this subject matter, while this was Stat Ladys first teaching assignment. We also found a significant aptitude-treatment interaction where high-aptitude subjects learned more from Stat Lady than from the Lecture environment, but for low-aptitude subjects, there was no difference in learning outcome by condition. Implications of these findings will be discussed in relation to future computer-based instructional research.
Brain Research | 1988
Richard E. Wilcox; Elizabeth Mudie; Dayne Mayfield; Robert K. Young; Waneen W. Spirduso
Changes in the speed of movement initiation as a function of age, brain damage, or rat strain are associated with altered characteristics of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons and of striatal D2 DA receptors. In the present study we investigated the relationship between movement initiation (response parameters: percent of successful responses and response latency) and the agonist binding states of the D2 DA receptor in corpus striatum in 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 51). In contrast to the typical experimental procedure, the variances of the behavioral and receptor binding data were intentionally made as small as possible to provide the most stringent test of putative relationships among variables. Rats were trained to release a lever as rapidly as possible in response to a light/buzzer (CS) combination in order to avoid a mild footshock (UCS). Percent avoidance scores, latencies of the fastest successful trials (successful latencies) and mean latencies for all responses (mean latencies) were collected for 1000-, 500-, 300- and 200-ms CS-UCS intervals. Twenty-four hours following the last behavioral test, animals were euthanized for measurements of the high- and low-affinity binding of DA to D2 receptors in corpus striatum. The standard errors of the mean for both behavioral and receptor binding parameters were, generally, less than 10%. The tightness of the receptor binding data appeared to be related to a lack of biological variance in the animals rather than to an artifact associated with the behavioral testing procedure, since a parallel experiment indicated that different numbers of behavioral shaping sessions had no effects on striatal D2 binding characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Journal of Comparative Psychology | 1983
Del Thiessen; Merri Pendergrass; Robert K. Young
Adult gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, autogroom their body parts in the order: mouth--nose, face, ears, flank, ventrum, and tail. This is the identical order in which the autogroom matures during the first 33 days of life. The parallel sequencing increases our understanding of neurophysiological processes underlying movement patterns and also indicates how movement patterns evolve.
Psychological Reports | 1966
Robert K. Young; David S. Dustin; Wayne H. Holtzman
This paper describes change in attitude toward organized religion as measured in three surveys taken over a period of 9 yr. The attitude of the respondents who in each survey were undergraduate students at the University of Texas became less favorable toward organized religion during that period. Several variables were found to be related to attitude toward organized religion. These include sex, grade point average, major academic field, religious preference, and frequency of church attendance.