Robert L. Jackson

Relative Efficiency of Commercial Forms of Insulin

Protamin zinc insulin preparations are known to exert an effect more prolonged than that of equal unitage of unmodified (regular) insulin. Recently claims have been offered that the effect of insulin in the form of zinc insulin crystals is similarly prolonged, but in lesser degree. The issue has been confused through the use of clinical observations as the basis for reported conclusions. In view of the many factors which can influence the quantitative response to insulin, the need for standardized conditions of study is apparent. If human subjects are to be used, the constancy of insulin requirement should be established through the use of prolonged control periods wherein daily fluctuations of blood sugar are known. It has been demonstrated recently 1 that with suitable treatment, the insulin requirement of the diabetic child decreases sharply, once aglycosuria is established, the final daily insulin requirement being 30 to 70% lower than that commonly given under customary methods of treatment. Once such stabilization has been accomplished, the childs insulin requirement is relatively constant and he can be maintained for long periods of time in a state of aglycosuria, with relative freedom from shocks and with blood sugar values which approach those of the normal non-diabetic child. Such a subject is eminently suitable for the study of variations in effectiveness of different insulin preparations. The amount of fluctuation of blood sugar values during the 24 hours can be used as an objective method of comparison. The diurnal blood sugar fluctuation of 12 diabetic children has been studied when the insulin requirement has been given as regular insulin, protamine zinc insulin, and zinc insulin crystals. The studies have involved a total of 1074 days and 1967 determinations of blood sugar.

Infant Foods and Feeding Practice (A Rapid Reference Text of Practical Infant Feeding for Physicians and Nutritionists)

ABSTRACT Dr. Meyer has revised and changed the title of his first book Essentials of Infants Feeding for Physicians. Perhaps in no field of medicine are there more differences of opinion than in that of infant-feeding, but Dr. Meyer has avoided dogmatism and arbitrary directives on which successful and individual infant-feeding is based. The simpler means are especially stressed in this book. The practical application of the scientific principles pertaining to the art and science of infant nutrition are reviewed. The chapter on human milk and breast-feeding is especially well done. The chapter on the bottle-fed infant milk foods includes a classification of all of the products commercially available.Sufficient information is given to enable the physician to use intelligently such special foods as are now available to permit individualization in infant-feeding. Tables from generally accepted authorities, containing the most recent information on nutritional data, have been carefully selected from many