Roberta de Medeiros

Distant Healing by the Supposed Vital Energy – Scientific Bases

Today in conventional medicine, electromagnetic energy is vastly used for diagnostic and curative purposes. For example, transcranial magnetic stimulation (the magnetic energy pulses through the skull), promotes modulation of neuronal activity in the limbic system for the treatment of depression. But some therapeutic practices encompass the manipulation of a supposed vital energy (SVE). This is a putative form of energy, hypothetic, yet to be detected, that is believed to be present in all living beings. According to these practices, living beings are infused with a subtle form of energy and the health would be modulated by the balance of this energy in the organism, achieved by natural exchange with the environment and harmonious distribution through the body. It is suggested that these energies may be accessed in various ways for therapeutic interventions

Complementary Therapies for Fibromyalgia Syndrome – A Rational Approach

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a complex chronic condition, the treatment of which still poses many challenges. Complementary therapies (CT) have gained increasing popularity among FMS patients. Past reviews evaluating effectiveness of CT for treatment of FMS revealed some potential benefits arising from certain modalities. However, with the data available, it becomes difficult to formulate a unique opinion about this matter. In the present paper, the authors propose some guidelines to conciliate the expectations of patients with the lack of solid evidence, in a practicable yet responsible way. Many items should be considered before prescribing, proscribing, or tolerating a CT, besides results from randomized controlled trials, such as efficacy (mechanisms of action); effectiveness (effect in practice); efficiency (cost-benefit ratio); safety; risk-benefit ratio; legislation; healthcare service involvement; practitioner characteristics; objective (purpose); and the potential of combination with conventional treatment.

Integration of acupuncture for outpatients and inpatients in a general hospital in Brazil

Acupuncture and related techniques have increasingly been offered in conventional medical settings in Western societies. In Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil, acupuncture has been integrated into the care pathways since October 2005. Since then, medical acupuncture has been offered for both inpatients and outpatients. Acupuncture has become an integrated therapeutic modality both for outpatients in the clinic setting and for inpatients in the wards. It has been observed that acupuncture performed in a hospital differs in specific characteristics when compared with acupuncture performed in an outpatient setting. The main differences found between inpatients and outpatients treatment are summarised and attitudes and cautionary measures to be taken into account during application of acupuncture in inpatients are suggested. Future plans for the service include offering acupuncture in the emergency ward and surgical centre. The description of this experience could encourage other hospitals to develop an acupuncture service.

Spiritual-Religious Coping – Health Services Empowering Patients’ Resources

It is known that health is determined by physical, mental, social, and spiritual factors. During the last decades there has been a considerable increase in the number of studies showing positive associations between spirituality-religiosity and health. The most important works in that area began it be deeds in the 1980 decade and are increasing worldwide. Scientific literature have recorded that spiritual well-being is associated with better physical and mental health, according to psycho-neuro-immune models of health. Spirituality and religion can help patients, their families and caregivers dealing with illness and other stressful life events.

Programs of religious/spiritual support in hospitals - five “Whies” and five “Hows”

A contemporary orientation of the hospital experience model must encompass the clients’ religious-spiritual dimension. The objective of this paper is to share a previous experience, highlighting at least five reasons hospitals should invest in this direction, and an equal number of steps required to achieve it. In the first part, the text discourses about five reasons to invest in religious-spiritual support programs: 1. Religious-spiritual wellbeing is related to better health; 2. Religious-spiritual appreciation is a standard for hospital accreditation; 3. To undo religious-spiritual misunderstandings that can affect treatment; 4. Patients demand a religious-spiritual outlook from the institution; and 5. Costs may be reduced with religious-spiritual support. In the second part, the text suggests five steps to implement religious-spiritual support programs: 1. Deep institutional involvement; 2. Formal staff training; 3. Infrastructure and resources; 4. Adjustment of institutional politics; and 5. Agreement with religious-spiritual leaders. The authors hope the information compiled here can inspire hospitals to adopt actions toward optimization of the healing experience.

Toward the Concept of ‘Spiritist Chaplaincy’

In Brazil, Spiritism is the third most common religious affiliation. Notwithstanding, there are few religious assistance programs dedicated to Spiritist patients in Brazilian general hospitals and, after searching for the term ‘Spiritist Chaplaincy’ on lay and medical databases, it returns zero results. This article describes the future development of a ‘Spiritist Chaplaincy,’ exploring its concept, design, precepts, and challenges, based upon the first results of a Spiritist religious assistance program for hospitalized patients. This proposed model seems feasible to be replicated, aiming to develop in the near future a structure compatible with a proper ‘Spiritist Chaplaincy’ instead of religious hospital visits.

Complementary Therapies – Considerations Before Recommend, Tolerate or Proscribe Them

© 2012 de Medeiros and Saad, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Complementary Therapies – Considerations Before Recommend, Tolerate or Proscribe Them

Acupuncture for Inpatients in General Hospitals – Special Features of this Service

Acupuncture and related techniques have increasingly been offered in conventional medical settings in Western societies. The number of patients seeking acupuncture therapy has increase [Chernyak et al 2005]. Acupuncture has become a thriving and notable part of ordinary healthcare systems. The contact of Acupuncture with the Western culture created the concept of Western acupuncture that is an adaptation of Chinese acupuncture using knowledge of anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, and pathology. Acupuncture in hospital became an integrated complementary therapy. Its efficacy is scientifically based, its a medical specialty and, recently, is considered for coverage by insurance companies of health. Acupuncture as treatment for inpatients has potential to support recovery, to abreviate the period of hospitalization and avoid unnecessary surgeries [SantaAna 2001]. However, few general hospitals offer this service and the scientific literature that describes this activity is practically nonexistent.

Implications for public health of the religiosity-longevity relation

A growing body of scientific studies has demonstrated a consistently positive association between religious-spiritual (R/S) involvement and beneficial effects on physical health, culminating with increased longevity. This protective effect on the mortality risk is not only statistically significant but also clinically relevant. The mechanisms involved in this association include psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune pathways, greater adherence to healthy behaviors and diverse social factors. Public health strategies could better explore this association. This can be done on an individual (health professionals adopting simple measures) or institutional scale (health institutions joining religious organizations). Some evidence suggests that the benefits of R/S to health and longevity would be more present in populations from more religious regions. In this sense, the Americas (Latin and North) are privileged places for the exploration of this association, compared to regions where there is certain indifference about R/S practices. Exploring this interface can improve the supply and usage of health care, especially for marginalized populations. To achieve this, health professionals, religious leaders and policy makers need to work together.

Are We Ready for a True Biopsychosocial–Spiritual Model? The Many Meanings of “Spiritual”

The biopsychosocial model is a modern humanistic and holistic view of the human being in health sciences. Currently, many researchers think the biopsychosocial model should be expanded to include the spiritual dimension as well. However, “spiritual” is an open and fluid concept, and it can refer to many different things. This paper intends to explore the spiritual dimension in all its meanings: the spirituality-and-health relationship; spiritual–religious coping; the spirituality of the physician affecting his/her practice; spiritual support for inpatients; spiritual complementary therapies; and spiritual anomalous phenomena. In order to ascertain whether physicians would be willing to embrace them all in practice, each phrase from the Physician’s Pledge on the Declaration of Geneva (World Medical Association) was “translated” in this paper to its spiritual equivalent. Medical practice involves a continuous process of revisions of applied concepts, but a true paradigm shift will occur only when the human spiritual dimension is fully understood and incorporated into health care. Then, one will be able to cut stereotypes and use the term “biopsychosocial–spiritual model” correctly. A sincere and profound application of this new view of the human being would bring remarkable transformations to the concepts of health, disease, treatments, and cure.