Roberto Arístegui

The evolution of therapeutic change studied through generic change indicators

Abstract Ongoing change and therapeutic outcome were studied in five psychotherapeutic processes: three brief psychodynamic therapies, one social constructionist family therapy, and one group therapy of a comprehensive nature for drug abuse patients. Using qualitative methodology, in-session and extrasession change moments were identified and classified in a hierarchy of generic change indicators. Additionally, all patients were administered Lamberts Outcome Questionnaire. Results show that (a) extrasession change moments are more frequent toward the end of therapy, (b) therapy types differ in the frequency of some change indicators but not others, and (c) change indicators observed at the beginning of therapy are of lower level than those occurring at the end.

Language and therapeutic change: A speech acts analysis

Abstract Drawing on the speech acts theory, a linguistic pattern was identified that could be expected to be associated to therapeutic change, characterized by being uttered in the first person singular and present indicative, and by being self-referential in its propositional content. The frequency of the pattern was examined among verbalizations defined as change moments in three therapies with different theoretical orientation. Results show that the majority of change moments have the specified pattern, and that this pattern is significantly more frequent in change moments than in random non-change-related verbalizations, and so, it does not pertain to therapeutic conversation in general. Implications are discussed concerning the possibility of using the linguistic pattern as an additional and complementary criterion in the identification of moments of change in the therapeutic process.

Proceso de Cambio Psicoterapéutico: Análisis de Episodios Relevantes en una Terapia Grupal con Pacientes Adictos

En el presente articulo se presentan los resultados de una investigacion que tuvo como objetivo determinar y describir el tipo de acciones comunicacionales realizadas por terapeutas y pacientes durante las sesiones de una terapia grupal. Para esto se utilizo una metodologia orientada al descubrimiento empleando un analisis cualitativo de contenido. En los resultados se incluye tanto la descripcion de las acciones identificadas de acuerdo al nivel de analisis, asi como los patrones ideales de secuencia de dichos componentes asociados al cambio y propios de esta modalidad terapeutica. Finalmente, los resultados son discutidos considerando los principales antecedentes teoricos y empiricos en materia de investigacion en psicoterapia.

Hacia una Pedagogía de la Convivencia

El presente documento constituye una primera aproximacion para la formulacion, en terminos teoricos, conceptuales y operacionales, de una forma de pedagogia destinada a dar respuesta al gran problema que representa hoy la convivencia en la escuela. Tentativamente incorpora la expresion pedagogia de la convivencia, para dar cuenta de este esfuerzo. Principalmente, busca poner las bases para futuras intervenciones socioeducativas orientadas a transformar la escuela en una comunidad critica y armoniosa, capaz de asumir los quiebres y los problemas de comunicacion, a la vez como recursos y oportunidades, en el objetivo de construir una convivencia iluminada desde la diversidad y la mutua comprension. Esta estructurado en tres secciones: Pretexto y Contexto de la Convivencia en la Escuela, Convivencia Como Constructo Social Complejo, y Hacia una Pedagogia de la Convivencia.

Cuatro Prácticas Conversacionales para Propiciar un Cambio de Foco Terapéutico

espanolInvestigaciones recientes sobre el proceso psicoterapeutico muestran que un cambio hacia un modo de hablar autorreferencial, que coloca en el foco de la conversacion al paciente mismo, constituye un aspecto clave en la comprension de procesos de cambio psicologicos. El proposito del presente estudio de caso es profundizar en el entendimiento de la construccion de dicho cambio de foco, a traves de un micro-analisis de la conversacion terapeutica. Los resultados incluyen cuatro categorias de recursos conversacionales utilizados durante una terapia de orientacion gestaltica exitosa. Cada categoria explicita una manera en que un cambio de foco hacia un hablar autorreferencial fue logrado en forma conjunta por la diada terapeuta-paciente a lo largo de la terapia. El estudio tambien discute implicaciones para la investigacion futura en micro-procesos de cambio. EnglishRecent research in psychotherapy has shown that shifting the focus of conversation into a selfreferential talk, rendering patients themselves as the focal point of the conversation, is a key aspect for the understanding of therapeutic change processes. The aim of this case study was to perform a micro-analysis of the ways in which this shift was achieved through therapeutic conversation. Results display four categories of conversational resources utilized during a successful gestalt therapy. Each one of these resources shows how a change in focus was jointly accomplished by the therapist- patient dyad. Implications for future research on change micro-processes are also discussed.

Enaction and Neurophenomenology in Language

This chapter situates the conception of language (and communication) in enaction in the context of the research program of the cognitive sciences. It focuses on the formulation of the synthesis of hermeneutics and speech acts and the vision of language according to the metaphor of structural coupling. The exclusion of expressive speech acts in this design is problematized. An examination is offered of the critical steps to the theory of language as a reflection and the linguistic correspondence of cognitivism. We examine the foundations of the proposal in the line of language and social enaction as emergent phenomena which are not reducible to autopoiesis but which constitute a new neurophenomenological position in the pragmatic language dimension. A proposal is made for the integration of hermeneutic phenomenology with genetic and generative phenomenology in social semiotics. The inclusion of expressive speech acts based on the functions of language in the Habermas–Buhler line is also addressed. An opening is proposed of enaction to the expressive dimension of language and meaning holism with the referential use of language.