Roberto Carlos Mourão Pinho

Association between symptoms of depression and oral health conditions: ORAL HEALTH AND SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION

AIMS To investigate the symptoms of depression and oral health status in Brazilian public healthcare system users. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analysis of a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 776 individuals aged 15 years or older, in the urban areas of Recife (Brazil), obtained by multistage sampling. Committee on Ethics in Research with Human Beings (CAAE) 0538.0.172.172-11. Depression symptoms were verified by means of Axis II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria in Temporomandibular Disorder. For the socioeconomic level, the economic classification criteria of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies and clinical exam record charts were used to establish variables related to oral health conditions. RESULTS The variables discomfort on occlusion (OR = 1.882 CI = 1.384-2.560), gingival bleeding (OR = 1.384 CI = 1.002-1.912), and self-perception of oral health (OR = 1.549 CI = 1.054-2.277), remained in the regression model. CONCLUSION Discomfort on occlusion, self-perception of oral health, gingival bleeding, sex, and skin color were shown to be associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.

Impact of Chronic Periodontitis on the Quality of Life of Individuals with and without Diabetes

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of chronic periodontitis among individuals with and without diabetes and measure the impact on quality of life in this population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Endocrinology Clinic of Agamenon Magalhaes Hospital and the clinic of the Federal University de Pernambuco (Recife, Brazil). The sample consisted of 116 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis, 95 individuals with chronic periodontitis alone (case groups) and 69 healthy individuals without either condition (control group). Data were collected on age, sex, income and schooling and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was administered in interview format for the evaluation of the impact on quality of life. Clinical examinations were performed and a periogram was filled out for each participant, on which visible plaque, probing depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Results: In the group with diabetes, a significant difference in the mean plaque index was found between individuals with and without impact (p=0.023). Conclusion: In the present study, the impact on quality of life was greater among females, individuals with a higher visible plaque index and those with a fewer number of teeth.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (Rs4804803) in the DC-SIGN Promoter Region Cd209, and Implications Regarding the Susceptibility to Chronic Periodontitis in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a disease caused by an impaired immune response to oral bacteria and is often found in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Dendritic cells are involved in CP and genetic polymorphisms in the DC-SIGN receptor may modulate susceptibility to the disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the DC-SIGN in individuals with DM2 and CP, non-DM2 individuals with CP and healthy controls and its association with CP in a sample of population. 280 individuals (116 with DM2+CP, 95 with CP and 69 healthy controls) were genotyped using real-time PCR with allelespecific probes. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found among the groups with regard to socioepidemiological variables, as well as clinicalepidemiological variables. With regard to allelic and genotypic distribution, the GG genotype was significantly more frequent among the healthy individuals compared to those with DM2+CP, suggesting less susceptibility to DM2+CP (p=0.030). The AG genotype was also associated with a lower bleeding index compared to the AA genotype in healthy individuals (p=0.016). This is the first record of an association between a variant in DC-SIGN and susceptibility to DM2 and CP.

State, trait, and dental anxiety in caregivers of individuals with disabilities: ANXIETY IN CAREGIVERS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare state anxiety, trait anxiety, and dental anxiety in caregivers of patients with special needs and caregivers of pediatric patients without special needs at dental clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. All respondents were older than 18 years of age. Individuals with cognitive impairment and those taking anxiolytics, antidepressants, or sleep-inducing medication were excluded from the study. The sample consisted of 55 caregivers of patients with special needs and 55 caregivers of pediatric dental patients. A questionnaire was administered to determine the sociodemographic profile of the patients based on the 2015 Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. Anxiety regarding dental treatment was measured using the dental anxiety scale. The state-trait anxiety inventory was used to identify state and trait anxiety levels. RESULTS Caregivers of individuals with disabilities had a similar level of anxiety as caregivers of pediatric dental patients. Most caregivers of individuals with disabilities were mothers with an older age and a greater frequency of trait anxiety, especially when these mothers had health problems. State anxiety was associated with a lower education level. CONCLUSIONS Higher dental anxiety levels were found among caregivers with a higher level of trait anxiety, independently of the type of patient to which care was given.

Levels of serum sclerostin, metabolic parameters, and periodontitis in ­postmenopausal women with diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by hyperglycemia, which is associated with periodontal disease and exerts an effect on bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of sclerostin in postmenopausal women with diabetes and determine a possible association with periodontal disease. Sixty-one postmenopausal women (32 with diabetes and 29 without diabetes) were evaluated. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis and the determination of serum sclerostin. The participants were also submitted to a clinical examination for the evaluation of periodontal status. A total of 75.4% of the volunteers had periodontal disease and levels serum sclerostin were altered in 48.7% of the patients with diabetes. In the diabetic population, mean levels of LDL (p = 0.035) and urea (p = 0.032) were higher in the patients without periodontal disease and the plaque index was higher in those with periodontal disease (p = 0.039). The prevalence of periodontal disease and the levels serum sclerostin were high in the postmenopausal women analyzed, but the data do not allow the determination of whether periodontal disease is related to high levels of this peptide.

The Impact Of Malocclusion On Quality Of Life And Life Satisfaction

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the type of malocclusion affects the perception of quality and satisfaction with peoples lives. Material and Methods: Three questionnaires were applied: the first one assessed the social and economic factors and the diagnosis of malocclusion through Angle´s classification, the second was the OHIP-14, and the third was the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Results: This study involved 444 patients aged 18 to 72 years. According to the classification of malocclusion 48.65% was Class I, 22.75% was Class II division 1, 12.16% was Class II division 2 and Class III 16.44%. The malocclusion did not have negative impact on the level of satisfaction with life, but in all dimensions analyzed by OHIP-14, malocclusion had negative impact on quality of life and was statistically significant. The most severe malocclusions such as Class II and Class III represent a more negative impact when compared to Class I malocclusion. Moreover, for the dimensions assessed by the OHIP-14, physical pain and psychological discomfort were those who showed a greater negative impact on quality of life. Conclusions: Malocclusions do not interfere with the judgment of the level of satisfaction with life, but they produce a negative impact on quality of life.

Removal of artificial dental calculus by use of conventional and diamond ultrasound tips.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is considered a public health problem and may lead to serious complications as the general health of patient. The main therapeutic procedure is scaling and root planing, which can be performed by a variety of techniques and instruments Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the removal of calculus, produced artificially, by using a conventional ultrasonic tip and a diamond – CVD tip. Method: The calculus was produced with artificial sawdust and glue-based cyanoacrylate and distributed in twenty areas also standardized on two plates of acrylic resin (chemical activated), holding 10 samples per plate. Standards / samples were divided by lot into two simple groups, being A (treated with conventional tip) and B (treated with CVD tip). Results:The treatment in Group A, promoted an average area of 20.48 ± 4.20 mm2 free of artificial calculus which is significantly higher (p <0.05) than the area removed in Group B (15.37 ± 5.29 mm2). Conclusion:The results showed that the conventional tip presented higher results than CVD tip for efficacy in the removal of calculus.